Publication: Transit-Oriented Development Implementation Resources and Tools
Loading...
Files in English
3,828 downloads
Other Files
4,977 downloads
Published
2018-12-19
ISSN
Date
2019-01-08
Editor(s)
Abstract
Transit-oriented development, commonly known as TOD, is a planning and design strategy that focuses on creating urban development patterns which facilitate the use of public transit,walking and cycling, as primary modes of transport and which supports vibrant, diverse and livable communities. This is achieved by concentrating urban densities, communities and activities within a 5-10 minute walking distance from mass rapid transit stations (both bus and rail-based), developing quality urban space and providing convenient and efficient access to a diverse mix of land uses. TOD brings together elements of land use and transport planning, urban design, urban regeneration, real estate development, financing, land value capture, and infrastructureimplementation to achieve more sustainable urban development. Since TOD implementation can be complex, it is essential that cities understand the dynamics at play related to all citysystems- real estate economics, transit routing, infrastructure design, land use planning and zoning, the development of the local economy through urban regeneration, and urban design- toachieve the concept’s full potential. TOD, as a tool, enables city actors to negotiate through varying urban priorities to ultimately prioritize inclusion and resilience in an optimized environment. The World Bank considers these priorities as the bedrock of successful TODs.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“Global Platform for Sustainable Cities; World Bank. 2018. Transit-Oriented Development Implementation Resources and Tools. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31121 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Transit-Oriented Development Implementation Resources and Tools, 2nd Edition(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021)This toolkit provides a compendium of resources for Transit-Oriented Development stakeholders to navigate each phase of the TOD process: Assessing, Enabling, Planning and Design, Financing, and Implementing. It includes how-to guides, analytical tools, communication tools, resources, case studies and template terms of reference for each phase. The latest addition fully embeds road safety consideration at all steps of the process. Transit-oriented development, commonly known as TOD, is a planning and design strategy that focuses on creating urban development patterns which facilitate the use of public transit, walking and cycling, as primary modes of transport and which supports vibrant, diverse and livable communities. This is achieved by concentrating urban densities, communities and activities within a 5-10 minute walking distance from mass rapid transit stations (both bus and rail-based), developing quality urban space and providing convenient and efficient access to a diverse mix of land uses. TOD brings together elements of land use and transport planning, urban design, urban regeneration, real estate development, financing, land value capture, and infrastructure implementation to achieve more sustainable urban development. Since TOD implementation can be complex, it is essential that cities understand the dynamics at play related to all city systems- real estate economics, transit routing, infrastructure design, land use planning and zoning, the development of the local economy through urban regeneration, and urban design- to achieve the concept’s full potential. TOD, as a tool, enables city actors to negotiate through varying urban priorities to ultimately prioritize inclusion and resilience in an optimized environment. The World Bank considers these priorities as the bedrock of successful TODs.Publication Urban Sustainability Framework(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2018-02-01)The Urban Sustainability Framework (USF) is structured in two parts, along with annexes that explore the good practices of specific cities and organizations and the positive results of their initiatives. Part I: Understanding and Achieving Urban Sustainability lays out a process for, andpractical guidance on, a four-stage approach that includes (1) diagnosis of the city’s currentsituation; (2) definition of a vision for change and establishment of priorities; (3) an approachto financing of the plan that achieves and demonstrates fiscal sustainability; and (4) monitoring and evaluation. Part II: The GPSC Measuring Framework builds a common understanding of sustainability within the urban context through two “enabling” and four “outcome” dimensions. The enabling dimensions are (1) governance and integrated urban planning, and (2) fiscal sustainability. The outcome dimensions are (1) urban economies, (2) natural environment and resources, (3) climate action and resilience, and (4) inclusivity and quality of life.Publication Financing Transit-Oriented Development with Land Values : Adapting Land Value Capture in Developing Countries(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2015-01-15)Cities in developing countries are experiencing unprecedented urban growth. Unfortunately, this is often accompanied by the negative impacts of sprawl as a result of rapid motorization such as congestion, air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, inefficient use of energy and time, and unequal accessibility. As these cities are often under severe fiscal constraints, they face great challenges in financing capital-intensive mass transit systems to reverse the course of these negative trends. Development-based land value capture (DBLVC) financing schemes being practiced in Asian megacities like Hong Kong SAR, China, and Tokyo have helped them not only to generate funds for transit investment and operational and maintenance costs but also to promote sustainable urban development through transit-oriented development (TOD). Many rapidly growing cities in developing countries have the conditions for introducing DBLVC – namely, strong economic growth, rising real incomes and increased motorization and congestion levels – all of which cause land value appreciation within proximity of transit stations or corridors. If adapted well to local contexts, DBLVC schemes have great potential to become an important strategic apparatus of urban finance and planning for cities in developing countries. Through a careful analysis of various case studies, this book provides strategies, policies, and methodologies that policy makers and practitioners can apply in developing their own DBLVC schemes for transit financing.Publication Melaka Sustainability Outlook Diagnostic(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2019-01)Melaka State, situated roughly halfway between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, has unique importance in the global dialogue around the sustainability of our shared urban future. At Melaka’s heart is its historic urban center, a UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) strategically located along the Strait of Malacca, one of the world’s busiest shipping routes and a link between the two largest countries by population, China and India. Melaka has taken significant steps toward realizing a more sustainable urban growth trajectory, including becoming a member of global platform for sustainable cities (GPSC) when the platform was launched in 2016. In 2017, GPSC initiated the sustainability outlook diagnostic with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the Malaysian industry-government group for high technology (MIGHT) to assist Melaka State in achieving the level of urban sustainability to which it aspires. This detailed assessment covers six dimensions of sustainability. Each report provides significant insight into different aspects of Melaka’s sustainability trajectory and highlights key areas for improvement.Publication Planning for Transit-Oriented Development in Emerging Cities(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-02)Urbanization is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, making sustainable and efficient urban planning critical. Planning for Transit-Oriented Development in Emerging Cities offers a comprehensive guide to transforming rapidly growing urban areas into vibrant, transit-oriented communities. The book emphasizes the importance of integrating land use regulations with transport planning. By aligning these two elements, cities can promote higher densities, mixed land uses, and pedestrian friendly environments, which are essential for effective public transport systems. An innovative sandbox model is introduced to simulate the impact of various land use regulations on transit ridership. This model provides valuable insights into how changes in regulations, such as floor area ratios and parking requirements, can significantly influence public transport use and walkability. Highlighting the importance of designing for gender differences in mobility and accessibility, the book advocates for land use regulations that enhance safety and accessibility for all, particularly women, by promoting “eyes on the street and ensuring well designed public spaces. Practical recommendations on improving Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) practices include adopting market-friendly zoning, allowing mixed land uses, allowing higher densities, promoting Multi-Modal Streets with wide sidewalks and proper traffic management, and ensuring adequate public space to support a walkable and transit-oriented urban environment. This book is an essential resource for urban planners, policymakers, and anyone interested in creating sustainable, livable cities. By following the principles and recommendations outlined in this work, emerging cities can embark on a path toward a more connected, efficient, and inclusive urban future.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Morocco Economic Update, Winter 2025(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-04-03)Despite the drought causing a modest deceleration of overall GDP growth to 3.2 percent, the Moroccan economy has exhibited some encouraging trends in 2024. Non-agricultural growth has accelerated to an estimated 3.8 percent, driven by a revitalized industrial sector and a rebound in gross capital formation. Inflation has dropped below 1 percent, allowing Bank al-Maghrib to begin easing its monetary policy. While rural labor markets remain depressed, the economy has added close to 162,000 jobs in urban areas. Morocco’s external position remains strong overall, with a moderate current account deficit largely financed by growing foreign direct investment inflows, underpinned by solid investor confidence indicators. Despite significant spending pressures, the debt-to-GDP ratio is slowly declining.Publication World Development Report 2006(Washington, DC, 2005)This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.Publication Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21)This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.Publication Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Spring 2025: Accelerating Growth through Entrepreneurship, Technology Adoption, and Innovation(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-04-23)Business dynamism and economic growth in Europe and Central Asia have weakened since the late 2000s, with productivity growth driven largely by resource reallocation between firms and sectors rather than innovation. To move up the value chain, countries need to facilitate technology adoption, stronger domestic competition, and firm-level innovation to build a more dynamic private sector. Governments should move beyond broad support for small- and medium-sized enterprises and focus on enabling the most productive firms to expand and compete globally. Strengthening competition policies, reducing the presence of state-owned enterprises, and ensuring fair market access are crucial. Limited availability of long-term financing and risk capital hinders firm growth and innovation. Economic disruptions are a shock in the short term, but they provide an opportunity for implementing enterprise and structural reforms, all of which are essential for creating better-paying jobs and helping countries in the region to achieve high-income status.Publication Argentina Country Climate and Development Report(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11)The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.