The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (OKR) is The World Bank’s official open access repository for its research outputs and knowledge products.
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Total publications: 37,988
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Publication Improving Solid Waste and Plastics Management in Lagos State: A Way Forward(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-07) World BankThe objective of this study is to enhance understanding and build capacity in Lagos State to improve SWM and reduce marine plastic pollution by promoting sustainable plastic management practices based on the 3 R principles: reduce, reuse, and recycle. The executive summary provides further details on each of these aspects. The information presented in these sections is derived from desk research, stakeholder consultations involving both government and private sector actors, as well as household field surveys conducted in Lagos. This report represents a synthesis of the findings from these analyses. In addition, this work conducted sectoral deep dives, concentrating on the following aspects: (1) emissions of particulate matter and greenhouse gases from municipal solid waste in Lagos State; (2) quantification of plastic waste generation in healthcare facilities (HCF) in Lagos State; (3) waste characterization study at Olusosun dumpsite; (4) plastic hotspot analysis in Lagos State; and (5) an analysis of business models related to plastic waste recycling. Each aspect has been performed as a stand-alone study, and this report serves as their synthesis. The key findings are provided in topic sheets at the end of this report. This report also provides a roadmap for solid waste and plastic management both in Lagos State and Nigeria.Publication Yemen Economic Monitor: Confronting Escalating Challenges(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-07) World BankThe Yemen Economic Monitor provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past six months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on Yemen. The Monitor places these developments, policies, and findings in a longer-term and global context and assesses their implications for Yemen’s outlook. Its coverage ranges from the macro economy to financial markets to human welfare and development indicators. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, development partners, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in Yemen.Publication An Unsustainable Life: The Impact of Heat on Health and the Economy of Bangladesh(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-07) Mahmud, Iffat; Azfar Raza, Wameq; Shabab Wahid, SyedA manifestation of climate change, temperature increases in Bangladesh are increasing at an alarming rate, with frequent bouts of extreme heat events. In 43 years, between 1980 and 2023, maximum temperature in the country increased by 1.1°C, while the “feels like” temperature rose by 4.5°C over the same duration. How does increasing exposure to excess heat affect the physical and mental health outcomes of individuals and their productivity in the short term? An Unsustainable Life: The Impact of Heat on Health and the Economy of Bangladesh analyzes temperature changes in Bangladesh between 1976 and 2023. The study then uses primary data collected in 2024 from a two-round household survey covering more than 16,000 individuals in Bangladesh to quantify the adverse effect of rising temperatures on specific physical and mental health conditions as well as productivity losses. Using the findings, the report serves three main purposes: (1) provide localized evidence that links the effect of heat on health and recommend effective adaptation measures to reduce the vulnerabilities of the Bangladeshi population to heat; (2) quantify economic losses borne by the country due to global warming to assist Bangladeshi policy makers in leveraging international support and financing to mitigate the impacts; and (3) add evidence to the global discourse on heat and human physical and mental health, and loss of productivity. The evidence presented in this report underscores the immediate need for comprehensive strategies to address the escalating health risks posed by climate change, notably heat, in Bangladesh. Interventions that can help individuals moderate the effects of heat on their health are critical to ensure the well-being of the Bangladeshi population. Learning from best practices of climate-comparable countries and leveraging localized information, Bangladesh can create a more resilient future to better address the impacts of climate change.Publication Leveraging Private Sector Solutions in Large Hydropower Projects(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-07) Energy Sector Management Assistance ProgramThis report aims to enhance the understanding of energy sector regulators and policymakers, government agencies, developers, and banks of the status of private sector solutions available to develop large hydropower projects. To that end, the report first looks at (a) past investment trends and (b) findings from the interviews carried out with key stakeholders to provide (c) recommendations drawn from this consultative exercise together with actionable initiatives for DFIs to improve private sector solutions in large hydropower. The report summarizes the literature review, desk research on past investment trends, and interviews with a sample of 23 key stakeholders in LMICs—project developers, government officials, private investors, representatives from development financial institutions, commercial lenders, service providers, and export credit agencies. Interviews were carried out between July and October 2023. The interview topics included (a) drivers of private sector interest in large hydropower projects, (b) key risks and corresponding mitigation strategies, (c) emerging financing practices of interest for large hydropower financing, and (d) how Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and Development Finance Institutions (DFIs), such as the World Bank Group, can facilitate private sector participation in large hydropower projects.Publication Armenia Country Climate and Development Report(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-07) World Bank GroupThis Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores Armenia’s intertwined climate and development challenges, presenting a comprehensive roadmap toward a cleaner environment, healthier communities, and a resilient economy. It highlights the economic and energy security advantages of transitioning from a gas-dependent to a solar-powered economy while acknowledging Armenia’s vulnerability due to its energy-intensive structure. The report emphasizes the urgency of adaptation investments to mitigate water stress, land degradation, and natural disasters, with a particular focus on boosting water efficiency and storage and adopting climate-smart agricultural practices. Key policy recommendations include fiscal and institutional reforms, alongside substantial investment needs in critical sectors such as energy, water, agriculture, and public infrastructure. Achieving a resilient, low-carbon pathway will require an estimated $8 billion investment between 2025 and 2060 (2.5% of GDP per year), with the benefits expected to outweigh the costs. The report also stresses the essential role of private sector engagement and innovative financing, including public-private partnerships and a sustainable finance framework, to mobilize the necessary resources.