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World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update, October 2022: Reforms for Recovery

(Washington, DC : World Bank, 2022-10) World Bank

Growth in most countries in the East Asia and the Pacific (EAP) region rebounded in the first half of 2022, but China lost momentum. In much of the region, domestic demand revived after the distress of the COVID-19 Delta wave. In China, the public health measures to contain outbreaks of the highly infectious Omicron variant inhibited consumption. Most of the region is projected to grow faster and have lower inflation in 2022 than other regions. Beyond the end of 2022, three factors could be a drag on growth: global deceleration, rising debt, and policy distortions. Current measures to contain inflation and debt are adding to existing distortions in the markets for food, fuel and finance in ways that could hurt growth. In each case, more efficient measures could address current difficulties without undermining longer-term objectives.
China Country Climate and Development Report

(World Bank Group, Washington DC, 2022-10) World Bank Group

The China Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) provides analysis and recommendations on integrating the country’s efforts to achieve high-quality development with the pursuit of emission reduction and climate resilience. Without adequate mitigation and adaptation efforts, climate risks will become a growing constraint to China’s long-term growth and prosperity, threatening to reverse development gains. Conversely, if efforts to tackle climate risks lead to a significant decline in growth and rising inequality, they would deprive millions of people of development and likely erode support for the reforms necessary to achieve a lasting economic transformation. Hence, China will need to grow and green its economy at the same time. This report offers policy options to achieve these dual objectives by easing inevitable trade-offs and maximizing potential synergies between China’s development and climate objectives.
World Development Report 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-02-15) World Bank

World Development Report 2022: Finance for an Equitable Recovery examines the central role of finance in the economic recovery from COVID-19. Based on an in-depth look at the consequences of the crisis most likely to affect low- and middle-income economies, it advocates a set of policies and measures to mitigate the interconnected economic risks stemming from the pandemic—risks that may become more acute as stimulus measures are withdrawn at both the domestic and global levels. Those policies include the efficient and transparent management of nonperforming loans to mitigate threats to financial stability, insolvency reforms to allow for the orderly reduction of unsustainable debts, innovations in risk management and lending models to ensure continued access to credit for households and businesses, and improvements in sovereign debt management to preserve the ability of governments to support an equitable recovery.
Ecological Compensation in China: Trends and Opportunities for Incentive-Based Policies Towards a Greener China

(Washington, DC, 2022-02-11) World Bank

China is a global leader in the use of ecological compensation (“eco-compensation”)—fiscal transfers for environmental and natural resources management. China is one of the most fiscally decentralized countries in the world, with 85 percent of government spending occurring at subnational levels. In this context, fiscal transfers are one of the national government’s most important tools for motivating and aligning environmental actions across levels of government and jurisdictional boundaries. The government has signaled a strong interest in expanding eco-compensation as part of reforms towards a higher quality greener growth model. Drawing on a unique dataset built from records across government, academia, and news media, this report traces the rise of eco-compensation, explores its current use, provides recommendations to strengthen impacts, and distills broad lessons from China for similar policies globally.
The World Bank Annual Report 2022: Helping Countries Adapt to a Changing World

(Washington, DC : World Bank, 2022) World Bank

The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)--collectively known as the World Bank--in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submit the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors.
The World Bank Annual Report 2021: From Crisis to Green, Resilient, and Inclusive Recovery

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2021-10-01) World Bank

The Annual Report is prepared by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA)--collectively known as the World Bank--in accordance with the by-laws of the two institutions. The President of the IBRD and IDA and the Chairman of the Board of Executive Directors submits the Report, together with the accompanying administrative budgets and audited financial statements, to the Board of Governors.
MIGA Annual Report 2021

(Washington, DC: Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency, 2021-10-01) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency

In FY21, MIGA issued 5.2 billion US Dollars in new guarantees across 40 projects. These projects are expected to provide 784,000 people with new or improved electricity service, create over 14,000 jobs, generate over 362 million US Dollars in taxes for the host countries, and enable about 1.3 billion US Dollars in loans to businesses—critical as countries around the world work to keep their economies afloat. Of the 40 projects supported during FY21, 85 percent addressed at least one of the strategic priority areas, namely, IDA-eligible countries (lower-income), fragile and conflict affected situations (FCS), and climate finance. As of June 2021, MIGA has also issued 5.6 billion US Dollars of guarantees through our COVID-19 Response Program and anticipate an expansion to 10–12 billion US Dollars over the coming years, a testament to the countercyclical role that MIGA can play in mobilizing private investment in the face of the pandemic. A member of the World Bank Group, MIGA is committed to strong development impact and promoting projects that are economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable. MIGA helps investors mitigate the risks of restrictions on currency conversion and transfer, breach of contract by governments, expropriation, and war and civil disturbance, as well as offering credit enhancement on sovereign obligations.
World Bank East Asia and Pacific Economic Update, October 2021: Long COVID

(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2021-09-27) World Bank

The East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region is suffering a reversal of fortune. In 2020, many EAP countries successfully contained COVID-19 and economic activity swiftly revived as other regions struggled with the pandemic and economic recession. Now the region is being hit hard by the COVID-19 Delta variant while many advanced economies are on the path to economic recovery. The disease is damaging the economy and is unlikely to disappear in the foreseeable future. In the near term, the persistence of the pandemic will prolong human and economic distress unless individuals and firms can adapt. In the longer term, COVID-19 will reduce growth and increase inequality unless the scars are remedied and the opportunities grasped. Policy action must help economic agents to adjust today and make choices that avert deceleration and disparity tomorrow.
Eco-Compensation in China’s Evolving Environmental Management Regime: Ecological Protection and Water Pollution Control in the Yangtze River Basin

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-09-03) World Bank

The Yangtze river and the economic belt it defines are central to China’s economy, yet they face severe environmental challenges. The river plays a major role in the historical, cultural, and political identity of China, and is a key driver of the country’s economy. It is one of the world’s most biodiverse regions, with ecosystems and natural resources that underpin national water, food, and energy security. Yet over the past four decades, the Yangtze river basin has experienced large-scale, high-intensity development that has severely impacted ecological and hydrological conditions. The region is emblematic of the challenges China faces as it looks to transition toward higher quality green development. This policy note, reviews experiences with eco-compensation in the Yangtze river economic belt (YREB) and makes recommendations for enhancing outcomes. Specifically, the note: (1) provides an overview of the development progress of eco-compensation schemes in the YREB in support of the national strategy for ecological protection and green development in the YREB; (2) assesses the effectiveness of the current eco-compensation schemes in the YREB through a series of case studies; and (3) presents policy recommendations for improving eco-compensation schemes in the YREB.
Remarks at the Venice Climate Conference

(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-07-11) Malpass, David

World Bank Group President David Malpass spoke about the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the devastating economic losses. The World Bank Group is providing maximum support to developing economies to respond to the crisis, and working to help them recover in ways that will be sustainable, greener and more prosperous. The Bank Group financing is aligning with the Paris Agreement goals. The Group will help client countries in their efforts to develop and implement their Nationally Determined Contributions and Long-Term Strategies. The Group is enhancing core analytical products such as the recently launched Country Climate and Development Reports and a facility on climate-informed Public Expenditure Reviews. He expressed the need for diagnostics, and a data-driven approach to help prioritize action. There is also need for a parallel effort to protect our natural capital and biodiversity, so that solutions work for people and the planet. IFC and MIGA that are mobilizing private sector financing and helping companies lower their emissions.