Publication:
Treasury Diagnostic Toolkit

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (3.87 MB)
582 downloads
English Text (529.05 KB)
121 downloads
Date
2004
ISSN
Published
2004
Editor(s)
Abstract
Improvement in the management of public finances in developing countries has been an increasingly important focus of World Bank and IMF assistance to member countries. A key element in such assistance is the development of effective treasury systems. Treasury systems form the backbone for recording and processing all financial transactions related to the budget for any level of government. An integrated treasury system offers several significant benefits in managing public monies more effectively, including, greater financial control, improved monitoring of the governments cash position, and better planning of future requirements, better fiscal reporting, and availability of better data for budget formulation. The establishment of an effective treasury system will also contribute directly to improving the transparency and accountability of government. (b) Costing Model: Information system features obtained as a result of completing the detailed Treasury Systems Questionnaire described in Chapter 1 can be linked in to a simple costing model (described in Chapter 2) to generate first stage estimates of the likely cost of a comprehensive investment program. Chapter 2 sets out a costing for a typical program for illustrative purposes only, although the model has now been used in actual program development in several countries as the base for project development. (c) Application Software Questionnaire: Chapter 3 of this paper is intended to assist Treasury managers in the process of selecting appropriate application software from the wide range of options that are now available in the market. This part of the questionnaire focuses on Treasury specific requirements that are not commonly found in a statement of requirements for commercial accounting systems. It is intended to provide Treasury managers in client countries a benchmark to determine the goodness of fit of the major products on the market with the core Treasury functional processes and requirements.
Link to Data Set
Citation
Hashim, Ali; Moon, Allister J.. 2004. Treasury Diagnostic Toolkit. World Bank Working Paper;No. 19. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/15062 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
  • Publication
    Environmental Implications of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
    (Washington, DC : World Bank, 2022-07) Lee, Soohyang; Park, Jinhee
    Two-thirds of central banks in the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region have started researching or testing the implementation of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC). At the same time, the region accounts for one-third of world CO2 emissions and is vulnerable to climate risks. As the Group of 7 (G7), European Central Bank (ECB), and Bank of England (BoE) have stated in their public statements, it is increasingly important to consider environmental impact when designing CBDC. However, only a few brief studies have been done on this subject, which will be crucial for the region. This Note explores the environmental implications of CBDC by comparing technical mechanisms and energy consumption within its distributed structure. It also illustrates differences in ecological footprint between CBDC and other payment methods (cryptocurrency, cash, and card networks). As the legitimacy of CBDC is backed by the trust of central banks, CBDC does not need to prove its legitimacy through its technological structure. Therefore, CBDC does not require the energy-intensive consensus or mining mechanisms used by a cryptocurrency, so its energy consumption is lower (comparable to that of a credit card system). CBDC can be designed to use various systems, such as Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), or a mixture of both. Careful deliberation to meet the objectives and implications will be important as CBDC can be a catalyst for financial innovation.
  • Publication
    Assessing Incentives to Increase Digital Payment Acceptance and Usage
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-01-18) Allen, Jeff; Carbo Valverde, Santiago; Chakravorti, Sujit; Rodriguez-Fernandez, Francisco; Pinar Ardic, Oya
    An important step to achieve greater financial inclusion is to increase the acceptance and usage of digital payments. Although consumer adoption of digital payments has improved dramatically globally, the acceptance and usage of digital payments for micro, small, and medium-sized retailers (MSMRs) remain challenging. Using random forest estimation, The authors identify 14 key predictors out of 190 variables with the largest predictive power for MSMR adoption and usage of digital payments. Using conditional inference trees, they study the importance of sequencing and interactions of various factors such as public policy initiatives, technological advancements, and private sector incentives. The authors find that in countries with low point of sale (POS) terminal adoption, killer applications such as mobile phone payment apps increase the likelihood of P2B digital transactions. They also find the likelihood of digital P2B payments at MSMRs increases when MSMRs pay their employees and suppliers digitally. The level of ownership of basic financial accounts by consumers and the size of the shadow economy are also important predictors of greater adoption and usage of digital payments. Using causal forest estimation, they find a positive and economically significant marginal effect for merchant and consumer fiscal incentives on POS terminal adoption on average. When countries implement financial inclusion initiatives, POS terminal adoption increases significantly and MSMRs’ share of person-to-business (P2B) digital payments also increases. Merchant and consumer fiscal incentives also increase MSMRs’ share of P2B electronic payments.
  • Publication
    A Novel Tobacco Market Diversification
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-04-27) Marquez, Patricio V.
    In this working paper, an exploration of available data and information is conducted and findings presented, to support the view that the dichotomous business model and related harm reduction narrative promoted nowadays by the tobacco industry, merits scrutiny by the international community. The promotion of e-cigarettes as welfare enhancing in rich countries, particularly because they are posited to help adult smokers quit, tends to obfuscate a dire reality. The same tobacco industry that promotes (e-cigarettes as harm reduction in rich countries, derives the bulk of its profits by selling cigarettes in lower income countries.
  • Publication
    Structured Lesson Plans for Literacy Instruction
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-03-31) World Bank
    Literacy is the cornerstone of education, and a driver of human economic, social, and civic wellbeing. Despite its importance, far too many children fail to become literate. The World Bank uses a measure called learning poverty to indicate when a child cannot read and understand an age-appropriate text by age ten. The best available data showed that more than two-thirds of children in low- and middle-income countries suffer learning poverty. The World Bank is committed to helping countries achieve the learning target: to cut learning poverty by at least half by 2030. Achieving better outcomes in literacy requires a comprehensive effort in many domains. One of the most important is ensuring that students and teachers have and use high-quality instructional materials, especially textbooks, for reading instruction. As countries and systems review their literacy teaching and learning materials, they will want to compare them to the materials from other countries and systems. The purpose of the compendium is to allow such reviews and comparisons by grouping a critical mass of structured pedagogy lesson plans and related materials in one place.
  • Publication
    WBG COVID-19 Crisis Response Operational Update
    (Washington, DC, 2022-03-31) World Bank
    This note provides an update on the WBG’s COVID-19 Crisis Response, outlined in June 2020 to help developing countries address the impacts of the pandemic while maintaining a line of sight to long-term development goals. It comprises five short sections: (I) the impacts of COVID-19 and compounding crises on developing countries, (II) an update on the WBG’s operational crisis response and priorities moving forward, (III) the critical role of international coordination, (IV) WBG financing framework for GRID, and (V) concluding remarks.
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    Treasury Reference Model
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001-05) Hashim, Ali; Allan, Bill
    The Treasury Reference Model (TRM) gives guidelines for the design of automated treasury systems for government aiming at a) authorities within government and their advisors who are engaged in planning and implementing such systems; and b) software designers and suppliers from the private sector - or even in-house developers of treasury software. The paper starts in Part I with a discussion of the key features of such systems, including the core functional processes, the various policy options associated with their design and the associated institutional arrangements. An effective treasury system will contribute directly to improving transparency and accountability of government and to meet the requirements set out in the IMF Code of Good Practice on Fiscal Transparency - Declaration on Principles and other standards, such as detailed fiduciary standards being developed by the World Bank. Part II gives detailed flow charts of the functional processes associated with Treasury systems, a diagnostic questionnaire that could be used to assess country specific requirements, a set of sample functional specification software that would be required to implement these systems, and a listing of the main data associated with Treasury systems. TRM also provides a means for implementing improved analytical standards for fiscal reporting. Increasingly governments are moving toward accrual basis reports and the IMF Government Finance Statistics system is being revised accordingly.
  • Publication
    Transforming Central Finance Agencies in Poor Countries : A Political Economy Approach
    (Washington, DC, 2013) World Bank
    This report presents the findings of a study of functions carried out by Central Finance Agencies (CFAs) that was financed jointly by the Bank Netherlands Partnership Program (BNPP), the Korean Trust Fund (KTF) and the World Bank over a three-year period from July 2008 to mid-2011. CFAs are not a single organization or entity of government but a group of ministries and agencies, of which the ministry of finance (MoF) is normally the most prominent, with collective responsibility for the design and implementation of a country's vast array of financial and fiscal policies and operations. Such policies and operations include macro fiscal analysis and forecasting, budget preparation and execution, accounting and reporting, cash and debt management, fiscal risk analysis, public procurement, tax policy and customs/revenue administration, and the regulation of financial institutions. In most developing countries, the role of CFAs is the public resources nexus of all issues with a political economy dimension. The allocation of roles and responsibilities for central finance functions among the finance ministry itself and other government agencies varies substantially from country to country. Chapter one of the reports defines the concept of a CFA-which is the array of government organizations (including notably the finance ministry) that carry out 16 core finance functions of government (budget preparation and execution, tax policy and revenue administration, procurement, and so on), that are central to the management of public finances. Chapter two summarizes the main issues and themes arising from the case studies. Substantial progress was made in identifying institutional factors that affect the capabilities of CFAs, including their organizational structures, linkages with stakeholders, availability and use of staff with appropriate skills in economics, accountancy and finance. Chapter three describes the CFA database and the questionnaire that was used by Country Management Units (CMUs) and others in compiling it. Chapter four presents the main conclusions and operational implications of the study. 'Political economy' analysis is not only important but fundamental to successful strengthening of CFAs.
  • Publication
    A Handbook on Financial Management Information Systems for Government
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-09-30) Hashim, Ali
    Automation of government financial management (GFM) systems is one of the core elements of the reform program since ready availability of timely and accurate information is critical to the management of government finances and public funds; and it may simply not be possible to obtain the information required for economic management in a timely manner without some degree of automation, in view of the large transaction volumes involved and their dispersal across multiple sites around the country. These systems are also referred to as integrated financial management information systems (IFMIS). As described in this handbook, IFMIS consists of a number of modules which support the different functional processes associated with GFM. These include modules for macroeconomic forecasting, budget preparation, budget execution (including cash management, accounting, and fiscal reporting), managing the size of the civil service establishment and its payroll and pensions, debt management, tax administration, and auditing. This handbook tries to fulfill the need and to provide information related to the entire systems life cycle, including the setting of reform priorities, designing systems functionality and architecture, and during systems implementation and ongoing operation and maintenance. In doing so, the author draws on his experience gained while managing, assisting, and advising on the implementation of World Bank financed projects for the implementation of such systems over the last 30 years in countries of the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, the Caribbean, South and East Asia, and Africa. The handbook discusses the policy prerequisites, scope, and functionality of these systems in detail. It describes the steps and issues involved in systems design, procurement, and implementation. This includes project management structures required, the main activities involved in systems implementation, the type of technology architecture that needs to be deployed to implement the systems, and what technology choices need to be made, the main cost drivers and how long can systems implementation be expected to take, and the critical success factors that determine successful outcomes. The handbook also highlights key failure points in the design, implementation, and maintenance of these systems.
  • Publication
    Philippines Quarterly Update, September 2011 : Solid Macroeconomic Fundamentals Cushion External Turmoil
    (Manila, 2011-09) World Bank Group
    The Philippines Quarterly Update provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past three months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on the Philippines. As of September 2011 due to sluggish exports and government spending, economic growth was lower than expected. The Philippine economy continued to decelerate during the first half of 2011 as investment and exports contracted. Private consumption growth remained robust, rising by 5.4 percent in the first half of 2011 and contributing 3.6 percentage points to GDP growth in Q2 2011. A contraction in construction spending slowed down growth of fixed capital formation. On the supply side, the resilient services sector was the main source of growth. The Philippines' external position and macroeconomic fundamentals remain strong. Monetary policy remains accommodating, while the fiscal deficit is likely to fall below target. After a strong rebound in 2010, economic growth in 2011 is likely to remain around 5 percent with downside risks. The challenge for policymakers is to ensure that the Philippines continues to improve its competitiveness, while cushioning the economy from adverse external shocks.
  • Publication
    Ukraine : Country Financial Accountability Assessment
    (Washington, DC, 2001-10-15) World Bank
    Ukraine has several strengths, such as an educated workforce, strong bookkeeping skills, and commitment to reforms, and a long-term vision of joining the European Union. In order to strengthen existing public financial accountability, Ukraine will need to build on its strength by undertaking several measures. Experience in many other countries shows that several required changes entail reaching political consensus, reforming existing institutions, or creating new institutions. This suggests that a realistic timetable for improvement in public financial accountability will have to stretch over several years and will depend on strong leadership from the top. The most important areas for action are: bringing revenues under the scope of independent external auditors; introducing the concept of internal audit; strengthening the capacity of the Accounting Chamber to conduct financial statement audits; strengthening the accountability of state owned enterprises; introducing international accounting standards for selected enterprises; adopting international best practices for licensing of audit professionals; and strengthening the disciplinary committee of the Chamber of Auditors to provide effective oversight. Other measures needed are to: train deparmtnetal staff in implementing program budgeting; fully implementing the Budget Code; expediting the implementing of the Treasury modernization project; and implementing standardized automated accounting and reporting systems.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    IFC Annual Report 2011 : I Am Opportunity
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2011) International Finance Corporation
    This annual report of the IFC reviews the years accomplishments. IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institution focused exclusively on the private sector. We help developing countries achieve sustainable growth by fi nancing private sector investment, mobilizing capital in international fi nancial markets, and providing advisory services to businesses and governments. We play a catalytic role by demonstrating the profi tability of investments in emerging markets. Established in 1956, IFC is owned by 182 member countries, a group that collectively determines our policies. Our work in more than 100 countries allows companies and fi nancial institutions in emerging markets to create jobs, generate tax revenues, improve corporate governance and environmental performance, and contribute to their local communities. IFC’s vision is that people should have the opportunity to escape poverty and improve their lives.
  • Publication
    IFC Annual Report 2012 : Innovation, Influence, Demonstration, Volume 2. Results
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2012) International Finance Corporation
    This annual report of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) summarizes the innovation and leadership roles in the private sector during fiscal year 2012. The IFC invested a record $20.4 billion in 103 developing countries, reflecting a doubling of annual commitments over the last five years. Those investments included nearly $5 billion mobilized from other investors, and an investment for Sub-Saharan Africa totaling $2.7 billion, nearly twice as much as five years ago. The advisory services program expenditures grew to $197 million, up more than 50 percent over the last five years. Advisory services also helped 33 client governments introduce 56 investment-climate reforms that will improve access to basic services for more than 16 million people. IFC investment clients helped support 2.5 million jobs in 2011 and made 23 million loans totaling more than $200 billion to micro, small, and medium enterprises. Net income before grants to the International Development Association (IDA) totaled $1.66 billion. The IFC has invested more than $23 billion in IDA countries, nearly $6 billion of it in fiscal year 2012 alone.
  • Publication
    Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21) Luna-Bazaldua, Diego; Levin, Victoria; Liberman, Julia; Gala, Priyal Mukesh
    This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.
  • Publication
    Making Procurement Work Better – An Evaluation of the World Bank’s Procurement System
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-06) World Bank
    This evaluation assesses the results, successes, and challenges of the World Bank 2016 procurement reform. Procurements acquire the works, goods, and services necessary to achieve the World Bank’s project development outcomes. The World Bank’s procurement processes must ensure that clients get the best value for every development dollar. In 2016, the World Bank reformed its procurement system for Investment Project Financing and launched a new procurement framework aimed at enhancing the Bank’s development effectiveness through better procurement. The reform sought to reduce procurement bottlenecks impeding project performance and modernize procurement systems. It emphasized cutting edge international good practice principles and was intended to be accompanied by procurement capacity strengthening to help client countries. This evaluation offers three recommendations to scale up reform implementation and enhance portfolio and project performance: (i) Improve change management support for the reform’s implementation. (ii) Strategically strengthen country-level procurement capacity. (iii) Consistently manage the full spectrum of procurement risks to maximize project success.
  • Publication
    Mobility and Development Periodical, Fall 2024
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-01) World Bank
    The fourth edition of the Mobility and Development periodical presents nine stories of how countries have evolved transport sector innovations, policy reform, and technical solutions to improve the quality of life. Opening with big data readiness for urban transport in Latin America, the narrative zooms out to present the potential of drones in the region. After unpacking the fiscal risks of the transport sector, experts unpack pressing urban mobility challenges. Dhaka offers an example of how critical governance can help metropolitan transit agencies deliver value. Keeping inclusion in focus, the next article shows how effective public transportation can boost economic opportunities for women in Middle East and North Africa. Moving to the Europe and Central Asia region offers a perspective of how improved roads influence jobs in rural Armenia. Travelling to Pakistan, authors discuss how to accelerate electric mobility adoption. The final article shows how an economic corridor approach to harness lithium could transform Argentina’s northwest.