Publication: Indonesia: Can Performance-Based School Grants Improve Learning?
Loading...
Date
2018-01
ISSN
Published
2018-01
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
The results in education for all children (REACH) trust fund at the World Bank funded an evaluation that assessed the early impact of a performance-based school grants program on student learning in Indonesia. This evaluation focused on two separate effects in the first two years of the new program: the effect of announcing the performance-based incentive to schools, and the effect of receiving the bonus for top performing schools. Announcing the performance incentive had different impacts on primary and junior secondary schools. Student test scores improved in all junior secondary schools, with the largest gains being made in schools that were already the highest performing. The effect of the program on learning was largely due to the change in incentives created by announcing the performance-based grants, rather than by the additional grant funding itself. Future programs can be improved by using other measures of school performance in addition to test scores, considering alternative designs of the formula to determine grant allocations, and allowing schools more flexibility in experimenting with ways to improve learning.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2018. Indonesia: Can Performance-Based School Grants Improve Learning?. RBF Education;. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/33584 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Indonesia - Spending More or Spending Better : Improving Education Financing in Indonesia(World Bank, Jakarta, 2013-03)The report is divided into two parts. The first three chapters show that the vast increase in education resources has not been accompanied by a similar increase in learning outcomes, and thus highlight the urgent need to improve the quality of spending. Chapter one starts by describing the complex financing and governance systems. With this policy framework in mind, Chapter two focuses on the 20 percent rule, analyzing its consequences for budget planning and management and examining where resources went after this vast increase in spending. The chapter also provides some estimates of the cost of meeting future government objectives, in the context of discussions on expanding compulsory education, and broadening teacher certification. Chapter three looks at education outcomes, reviewing the significant improvements in access and equity, as well as the worrisome trends in learning outcomes. It points to improving the quality of education and expanding access to secondary and above (especially for the poor) as the main challenges in the sector. Given the cost of achieving these goals, and the fact that current expenditure patterns are unlikely to lead to improvements in learning outcomes, the chapter concludes that improving the quality of spending in education is now critical. The second part of the report focuses on how to improve the quality of spending in order to continue expansion and improve learning outcomes. In chapter four, the quality of spending issue is divided into two areas: i) reassigning or improving programs at the central level, and ii) improving management at the district and school levels. At the central level, this chapter analyzes the Scholarships for the Poor program (BSM) and recommends that it be expanded and improved. At the sub-national level, the report explores how a combination of more efficient teacher management and stronger support for schools can improve efficiency and learning outcomes, and what the central government s role should be in ensuring that these changes occur. Finally, chapter five summarizes these recommendations, providing a framework for improving the quality of spending and, ultimately, ensuring that this spending leads to an improvement in the quality of the Indonesian education system.Publication Spending More or Spending Better : Improving Education Financing in Indonesia, Extended Executive Summary(World Bank, Jakarta, 2013-03)Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country, with more than 238 million people living in an archipelago comprising over 17,000 islands. Over the past decade the Indonesian economy has experienced positive economic growth, reduced poverty, and made continued progress towards many of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). For example, Indonesia has already met and surpassed projected reductions in the number of underweight children under five years old to below 18 percent and is on track to meeting its targets for reducing overall child mortality and the targets for achieving universal basic education. While clear progress has been made on reducing poverty rates, inequality has persisted, with the result that many children and families have not shared in these gains. Over 30 million Indonesians live below the poverty line (US $2 per day) and half of all households are clustered around the poverty line. Of the poor, 65 percent currently live in rural areas. For these families, national economic improvements have brought only modest gains in health and education, putting children's development at risk and threatening national progress. A notable achievement for Indonesia is that primary school enrollment is now near 100 percent for boys and girls of all income levels. However, as children move through the primary years, the enrollment disparities seen in Early Childhood Education and Development, or ECED services re-emerge. Educational attainment profiles reveal that while almost all children from all segments of society start primary school, children from poorer households and children from rural areas have more difficulties progressing from lower levels of education to higher levels. Only 55 percent of rural children make it to junior secondary school, and less than a quarter enroll in senior secondary. In contrast, 80 percent of urban children make it to junior secondary school and almost two-thirds enroll in senior secondary.Publication Republic of Indonesia - Information, Knowledge, and Behavior(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-04-27)Improving education outcomes by disseminating information to parents and thereby encouraging them to become more actively engaged in school oversight is attractive since it can be done relatively cheaply. This study evaluates the impact of alternative approaches to disseminating information about a school grants program in Indonesia on parent knowledge about the program in general, knowledge about the implementation of the program in their child’s school, and participation in school activities related to the program as well as beyond it. Not all dissemination approaches yielded impacts, and different modes of dissemination conveyed different types of information best, resulting in different impacts on behavior. Specifically, the low-intensity approaches that were tried - sending a letter from the principal home with the child, or sending a colorful pamphlet home with the child - had no impact on knowledge or participation. On the other hand, holding a facilitated meeting with a range of school stakeholders or sending targeted short message services (SMSs) to parents did increase knowledge and participation. Facilitated meetings mostly increased overall knowledge and fostered a feeling of transparency on the part of parents, which resulted in greater participation in formal channels for providing feedback to the school. SMSs increased knowledge about specific aspects of the program, such as the grant amount, and tended to increase participation through informal channels.Publication Transforming Indonesia's Teaching Force : Executive Summary(World Bank, 2010-04-01)The report on the transforming Indonesia's teaching force is divided in two volumes. The executive summary is the first volume of a two-volume comprehensive report on teacher management in Indonesia. This volume summarizes the key findings of the detailed technical analysis in volume two, but with much greater focus on the key areas where policy reforms will likely generate a large impact in Indonesia. While volume two is aimed at public policy researchers and technical staff of the Government of Indonesia, this shorter volume provides policy makers and the general public a condensed version of the larger report's analysis, results, and recommended policy reforms for developing a better teaching force in Indonesia. This report not only can assist the government in setting up a future reform agenda, but also add value to ongoing educational reform in Indonesia, in terms of improving the effectiveness of reform and ensuring its institutional and fiscal sustainability.Publication Uganda - Developing the Enabling Context for Student Assessment(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-01)Uganda's commitment to improving the quality and outcomes of its education system has translated into a parallel commitment to creating stronger, more sustainable student assessment system, one that includes: (i) examinations for selection and certification; (ii) large scale assessments for monitoring education quality at the country level; and (iii) classroom assessments for evaluating student work and informing ongoing teaching and learning. A number of lessons can be learned from Uganda's experience. First, political stability and a strong commitment to education are key drivers for building a strong assessment system. Second, charging a single institution with all assessment activities can allow for clearer institutional structures, as well as efficient coordination, development, and implementation of assessment programs. Third, competitive salaries need to be in place to attract and retain personnel, and training needs to be provided for capacity building. Finally, a strong focus on student learning and curriculum reforms can act as important catalyst for strengthening the assessment system
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Making Procurement Work Better – An Evaluation of the World Bank’s Procurement System(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-12-06)This evaluation assesses the results, successes, and challenges of the World Bank 2016 procurement reform. Procurements acquire the works, goods, and services necessary to achieve the World Bank’s project development outcomes. The World Bank’s procurement processes must ensure that clients get the best value for every development dollar. In 2016, the World Bank reformed its procurement system for Investment Project Financing and launched a new procurement framework aimed at enhancing the Bank’s development effectiveness through better procurement. The reform sought to reduce procurement bottlenecks impeding project performance and modernize procurement systems. It emphasized cutting edge international good practice principles and was intended to be accompanied by procurement capacity strengthening to help client countries. This evaluation offers three recommendations to scale up reform implementation and enhance portfolio and project performance: (i) Improve change management support for the reform’s implementation. (ii) Strategically strengthen country-level procurement capacity. (iii) Consistently manage the full spectrum of procurement risks to maximize project success.Publication Remarks at the United Nations Biodiversity Conference(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-10-12)World Bank Group President David Malpass discussed biodiversity and climate change being closely interlinked, with terrestrial and marine ecosystems serving as critically important carbon sinks. At the same time climate change acts as a direct driver of biodiversity and ecosystem services loss. The World Bank has financed biodiversity conservation around the world, including over 116 million hectares of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas, 10 million hectares of Terrestrial Protected Areas, and over 300 protected habitats, biological buffer zones and reserves. The COVID pandemic, biodiversity loss, climate change are all reminders of how connected we are. The recovery from this pandemic is an opportunity to put in place more effective policies, institutions, and resources to address biodiversity loss.Publication Economic Recovery(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-04-06)World Bank Group President David Malpass spoke about the world facing major challenges, including COVID, climate change, rising poverty and inequality and growing fragility and violence in many countries. He highlighted vaccines, working closely with Gavi, WHO, and UNICEF, the World Bank has conducted over one hundred capacity assessments, many even more before vaccines were available. The World Bank Group worked to achieve a debt service suspension initiative and increased transparency in debt contracts at developing countries. The World Bank Group is finalizing a new climate change action plan, which includes a big step up in financing, building on their record climate financing over the past two years. He noted big challenges to bring all together to achieve GRID: green, resilient, and inclusive development. Janet Yellen, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, mentioned focusing on vulnerable people during the pandemic. Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund, focused on giving everyone a fair shot during a sustainable recovery. All three commented on the importance of tackling climate change.Publication Media and Messages for Nutrition and Health(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-06)The Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) has experienced rapid and significant economic growth over the past decade. However, poor nutritional outcomes remain a concern. Rates of childhood undernutrition are particularly high in remote, rural, and upland areas. Media have the potential to play an important role in shaping health and nutrition–related behaviors and practices as well as in promoting sociocultural and economic development that might contribute to improved nutritional outcomes. This report presents the results of a media audit (MA) that was conducted to inform the development and production of mass media advocacy and communication strategies and materials with a focus on maternal and child health and nutrition that would reach the most people from the poorest communities in northern Lao PDR. Making more people aware of useful information, essential services and products and influencing them to use these effectively is the ultimate goal of mass media campaigns, and the MA measures the potential effectiveness of media efforts to reach this goal. The effectiveness of communication channels to deliver health and nutrition messages to target beneficiaries to ensure maximum reach and uptake can be viewed in terms of preferences, satisfaction, and trust. Overall, the four most accessed media channels for receiving information among communities in the study areas were village announcements, mobile phones, television, and out-of-home (OOH) media. Of the accessed media channels, the top three most preferred channels were village announcements (40 percent), television (26 percent), and mobile phones (19 percent). In terms of trust, village announcements were the most trusted source of information (64 percent), followed by mobile phones (14 percent) and television (11 percent). Hence of all the media channels, village announcements are the most preferred, have the most satisfied users, and are the most trusted source of information in study communities from four provinces in Lao PDR with some of the highest burden of childhood undernutrition.Publication Business Ready 2024(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-03)Business Ready (B-READY) is a new World Bank Group corporate flagship report that evaluates the business and investment climate worldwide. It replaces and improves upon the Doing Business project. B-READY provides a comprehensive data set and description of the factors that strengthen the private sector, not only by advancing the interests of individual firms but also by elevating the interests of workers, consumers, potential new enterprises, and the natural environment. This 2024 report introduces a new analytical framework that benchmarks economies based on three pillars: Regulatory Framework, Public Services, and Operational Efficiency. The analysis centers on 10 topics essential for private sector development that correspond to various stages of the life cycle of a firm. The report also offers insights into three cross-cutting themes that are relevant for modern economies: digital adoption, environmental sustainability, and gender. B-READY draws on a robust data collection process that includes specially tailored expert questionnaires and firm-level surveys. The 2024 report, which covers 50 economies, serves as the first in a series that will expand in geographical coverage and refine its methodology over time, supporting reform advocacy, policy guidance, and further analysis and research.