Publication: Access to Credit among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises
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2013-08-01
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2013-08-01
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In 2010, IFC conducted a study to estimate the number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the world, and to determine the degree of access to credit and use of deposit accounts for formal and informal MSMEs. The study used primarily data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (ES). In 2011 the data was revisited as new enterprise surveys became available. The resulting database, IFC Enterprise Finance Gap Database, covers 177 countries. This fact sheet summarizes and highlights the key data points available for the formal micro, formal small and medium enterprises (SME), and the aggregated formal and informal MSME sectors.
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“Alper, Oya; Hommes, Martin. 2013. Access to Credit among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises. © International Finance Corporation. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21726 License: CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO.”
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Based on data collection and interviews with the authorities, a representative sample of banks, and other relevant entities, the authors analyze the evolution and characteristics of this market in recent years. Bank financing to SMEs is becoming a strategic segment for Colombian credit institutions. The current business and risk management models for SME lending are still relatively underdeveloped, but greater sophistication is expected as the market matures. Important institutional and policy constraints to SME lending remain, but are not yet binding. In order to address these constraints before they "begin to bite", the authors identify and describe a potential policy reform agenda.Publication Argentina - Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Argentina : A Potential Engine for Economic Growth and Employment(Washington, DC, 2002-08)The convertibility law, and economic liberalization in the early 1990s in Argentina, brought about dramatic changes in economic performance. To adjust to increasing globalization, and a series of external shocks, small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) were confronted with the task of developing business strategies to secure their niches in the new arena. However, such strategies were obstructed by constraints in the legal, and economic framework, weak information and technology aspects, and insufficient access to finance. The report builds on the following issues: 1) the critical aspect of the SME sector to the Argentine economy, both from a growth/efficiency, and equity standpoint; yet on average, SMEs have failed to attain their potential; 2) the highly heterogeneous configuration, particular organizational, and technological characteristics of SMEs; 3) the high degree of institutional rigidity of the country's business environment; 4) the need to develop policy actions to deepen financial markets for SMEs; 5) the significant knowledge constraints - by and large, no training nor technical assistance services are available, mainly because of high costs; 6) the striking multiplicity of SME programs, yet with uncertain impact; and, 7) the need to overhaul SME policies, and programs to prod more incentive- and demand-driven approaches. Elements for effective SMEs assistance programs include the development of a standard set of metrics to measure performance of SMEs, and, entrepreneurial management, deemed of critical importance. As well, cost recovery growth should be targeted, extensively using follow-up techniques, and leveraging their effectiveness through the use of information, and communications technology. Most importantly, the policy challenge lies in taking initiatives to develop institutions at the national, and local levels, to encourage transition from inward-looking firms, narrow search routines, and information-poor markets, to learning-oriented firms, and mature, information-rich markets.
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