Publication: Technical Guidance Report: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan
Loading...
Date
2021
ISSN
Published
2021
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
Pakistan, India, and Nepal share one common ecological characteristic: the snow-capped mountain peaks of the Himalayan mountain range. The mountains bestow these countries with pristine landscapes and are the headwaters of many rivers. Concurrently, this unique mountain ecology offers these countries an opportunity to foster a green economy that leverages these natural assets for economic growth. However, these mountain ecosystems are fragile and must be well managed to ensure the livability of communities and environmental sustainability. Continued urbanization, rapidly increasing population, and a steady influx of tourists in mountainous regions in India, Nepal, and Pakistan are straining these fragile ecosystems and are a significant cause of indiscriminate solid waste dumping. Solid waste management (SWM) is a challenge that negatively impacts the economic growth potential in these regions by contributing to poor aesthetics and cleanliness, odor, and leaching pollution into the ground water sources, among others. Chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two discusses the current landscape of the SWM sector in India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Chapter three looks at the complexity of managing solid waste in mountain areas as well as the various challenges and opportunities that arise. Chapter four presents the field study conducted in the mountain areas of the three countries. Chapter five presents a framework or foundation on which solutions can be steadily built and presents recommendations and related implementable actions along a phased approach. In conclusion, chapter six briefly summarizes the role of the World Bank in the SWM sector and how it can provide support to clients to improve SWM services and practices in mountain areas in the South Asia region and elsewhere.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2021. Technical Guidance Report: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/35498 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Tunisia Urban Development and Local Governance Program : Technical Assessment Report(Washington, DC, 2014-06-24)In this context, the reform of the LG capital grants and municipal investment planning framework forms the main strategic actions undertaken by the government towards the implementation of its decentralization agenda recently anchored in the new Constitution adopted in January 2014. This grant system, which had operated under an ex ante system of controls, is being restructured through the revision of the Decree 97-1135 governing the LG capital grant system. Through the restructuring, the government intends to improve the efficiency of the state financial support to municipal investment, make the allocation of capital grants more transparent and predictable, strengthen the decision-making power of LGs on the use of their investment funding, and progressively introduce a performance based dimension to their capital grant system. Along with revision of the above decree, the government has also issued a Ministerial Decree to introduce participatory municipal investment planning and budgeting systems, hence promoting citizen engagement in identifying investment needs and priorities. Under the same reform, the government will progressively introduce an independent, annual assessment to measure the performance of LGs in line with the above amended decree. The performance assessment system, in addition to serving as a tool for monitoring LG s performance, has proven to be a very effective means of incentivizing LGs to strengthen their institutional performance, where access to grant funds is linked to results. The areas covered under the performance assessment will include governance, sustainability and management. The results of this performance assessment will be used to adjust the capital grant allocation starting the third year of the program.Publication Technical Assessment of Romania's National GHG Inventory(Washington, DC, 2014-04)The main objective of the report is to analyze the current greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory process in Romania, and provide recommendations for improving the system in order to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of inventory development in compliance with United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) and European Union (EU) requirements, including emissions forecasting provisions. This report describes the GHG inventory process and its history, analyzes the legal framework, documents and information provisions, and flows related to making the inventory together with identifying the potential adjustments for improvement, assess reporting entities and correlation mechanisms to economic dynamics, in terms of completeness, coherence, response time constant to changes in the number of companies' impact on data reporting, and provides recommendations on the possibility to improve the inventory-making process in order to meet the requirements of emission projections. The report is organized into seven sections as follows: section one provides a general introduction to GHG inventories. Section two examines the processes and procedures used in the present GHG inventory system in Romania and the alignment of this system with international frameworks including the framework for the development of environmental statistics (FDES) and the intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) schematic framework. Section three elaborates the challenges with the existing greenhouse inventory process including data gaps and weaknesses in the statistical infrastructure. Section four looks at the international and national legal requirements for greenhouse gas inventories. Section five provides analysis on the flow of information and the specific verification points to ensure data consistency and coherence. Section six provides a number of recommendations and concludes in section seven with a summary of key recommendations.Publication Existing and Potential Technologies for Carbon Emissions Reductions in the Indian Cement Industry : A Set of Technical Papers Produced for the Project 'Low Carbon Technology Road Map for the Indian Cement Industry'(Washington, DC, 2013-01)This set of technical papers was commissioned by the Cement Sustainability Initiative (CSI) members in India. CSI is a member-led program of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). The report represents the independent work of the CII - Godrej Green Business Centre (CII, Godrej GBC), a center of excellence of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and the National Council for Cement and Building Materials (NCB). The author of each paper is shown after its title. It aims to identify, describe and evaluate technologies, which may contribute to increased energy efficiencies and reduced greenhouse gas emissions from cement production in India today and in the longer-term. The results have been reviewed by CII, NCB, CSI member companies and stakeholders like the International Energy Agency (IEA). All papers follow the same format, outlining the current status of the technology, the impact on energy consumption, anticipated benefits from implementation, the CO? reduction potential, main parameters influencing implementation, cost estimation, and the conditions, barriers and constraints of implementation. For the more futuristic technologies, where quantification is difficult, a qualitative summary is provided instead, indicating those technologies felt to be promising for future implementation and emissions reductions potential. In these papers, only the anticipated impact on energy consumption and barriers to further development can be shown. In every paper, a range of potential thermal and electrical savings is provided; this range has been reached through consultation with technical experts. Where INR costs are indicated, approximate USD equivalent costs have also been given, using exchange rate USD 1 = INR 50.Publication Ceará PforR : Technical Assessment(Washington, DC, 2014-01)The Government of Ceará has asked for the Bank s support in implementing its multi-year plan (Plano Plurianual or PPA) for 2012-15. The objectives of the Plan are to promote equitable social development, sustainable economic development and to contribute to the emergence of a more efficient and participatory public sector.The activities to be supported have been chosen on the basis of the importance to these goals, the state s commitment to and the Bank s capacity, in view of its experience in other Brazilian states and elsewhere, to contribute to improving their design and execution. The PforR will build on previous Bank support for public sector reform by strengthening results-based management within sector agencies and providing incentives for collaboration among agencies and with the private sector. This will contribute to strengthening the implementation of Government programs in the following areas: skills development, early childhood development and water quality.Publication Good Practice Options for Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas of India, Nepal, and Pakistan(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-01)Solid waste management (SWM) is a vital responsibility of municipal governments worldwide and is one of the biggest challenges faced by urban authorities. Waste generation is increasing at a rapid pace, exceeding the financial and technical capacities of local governments to collect, treat, and dispose of this waste. In the South Asia region, India, Nepal, and Pakistan share one common geographic characteristic - the high peaks of the Himalayan mountain range. This unique mountain ecology presents an opportunity for these economies to leverage this natural asset for economic growth. The aim of this report is to showcase SWM practices: (1) currently underway in India, Nepal, and Pakistan that can be scaled-up and adopted across mountain communities, and (2) operational in other countries or in other sectors that can be applied to this region. In this way, mountain communities can learn of, and be inspired to adopt, innovations that can greatly improve service delivery and resource efficiency. Chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two provides an overview and synthesis of the good practice options presented in this report. The good practices are presented as individual chapters from chapters 3 to 22.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21)This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.Publication Doing Business 2014 : Understanding Regulations for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises(Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2013-10-28)Eleventh in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 185 economies, Doing Business 2014 measures regulations affecting 11 areas of everyday business activity: Starting a business, Dealing with construction permits, Getting electricity, Registering property, Getting credit, Protecting investors, Paying taxes, Trading across borders, Enforcing contracts, Closing a business, Employing workers. The report updates all indicators as of June 1, 2013, ranks economies on their overall “ease of doing business”, and analyzes reforms to business regulation – identifying which economies are strengthening their business environment the most. The Doing Business reports illustrate how reforms in business regulations are being used to analyze economic outcomes for domestic entrepreneurs and for the wider economy. Doing Business is a flagship product by the World Bank and IFC that garners worldwide attention on regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship. More than 60 economies use the Doing Business indicators to shape reform agendas and monitor improvements on the ground. In addition, the Doing Business data has generated over 870 articles in peer-reviewed academic journals since its inception.Publication World Development Report 2006(Washington, DC, 2005)This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.Publication Remarks to the Annual Meetings 2020 Development Committee(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020-10-16)David Malpass, President of the World Bank Group, announced that the Board approved a fast track approach to emergency health support programs that now covers 111 countries. Most projects are well advanced, with average disbursement upward of 40 percent. The goal is to take broad, fast action early. The operational framework presented back in June has positioned the Bank to help countries address immediate health threats and social and economic impacts and maintain our focus on long-term development. The Bank is making good progress toward the 15-month target of 160 billion dollars in surge financing. Much of it is for the poorest countries and will take the form of grants or low-rate, long-maturity loans. IFC, through the Global Health Platform, will be providing financing to vaccine manufacturers to foster expanded production of COVID-19 vaccines in both part 1 and 2 countries, providing production is reserved for emerging markets. The Development Committee holds a unique place in the international architecture. It is the only global forum in which the Governments of developed countries and the Governments of developing countries, creditor countries and borrower countries, come together to discuss development and the ‘net transfer of resources to developing countries.’ The current International Financial Architecture system is skewed in favor of the rich and creditor countries. It is important that all voices are heard, so Malpass urged the Ministers of developing countries to use their voice and speak their minds today. Malpass urged consideration of how we can build a new approach to debt restructuring that allows for a fair relationship and balance between creditors and debtors. This will be critical in restoring growth in developing countries; and helping reverse the inequality.Publication World Development Report 2011(World Bank, 2011)The 2011 World development report looks across disciplines and experiences drawn from around the world to offer some ideas and practical recommendations on how to move beyond conflict and fragility and secure development. The key messages are important for all countries-low, middle, and high income-as well as for regional and global institutions: first, institutional legitimacy is the key to stability. When state institutions do not adequately protect citizens, guard against corruption, or provide access to justice; when markets do not provide job opportunities; or when communities have lost social cohesion-the likelihood of violent conflict increases. Second, investing in citizen security, justice, and jobs is essential to reducing violence. But there are major structural gaps in our collective capabilities to support these areas. Third, confronting this challenge effectively means that institutions need to change. International agencies and partners from other countries must adapt procedures so they can respond with agility and speed, a longer-term perspective, and greater staying power. Fourth, need to adopt a layered approach. Some problems can be addressed at the country level, but others need to be addressed at a regional level, such as developing markets that integrate insecure areas and pooling resources for building capacity Fifth, in adopting these approaches, need to be aware that the global landscape is changing. Regional institutions and middle income countries are playing a larger role. This means should pay more attention to south-south and south-north exchanges, and to the recent transition experiences of middle income countries.