Publication: Visitors Welcome: Infrastructure and Capacity Building Create Jobs in Indonesia’s Tourism Sector
Loading...
Date
2025-05-12
ISSN
Published
2025-05-12
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
From 2001 to 2012, Indonesia enjoyed strong economic growth, averaging 5.6 percent per annum, while the poverty rate halved to 11 percent. The employment rate reached a two-decade record high in 2019, with 67.5 percent of youth and adults in the labor force. However, growth and job creation have since slowed: youth unemployment is relatively high, at 20.6 percent in 2022, and only 53.0 percent of women are in the labor force. Tourism is a promising sector, with the potential for inclusive and sustainable growth and increased employment. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), every 1 million dollars of spending in travel and tourism in Indonesia supports 1.7 million dollars in gross domestic product (GDP) and around 200 jobs, of which 67 are direct jobs. Moreover, 58 percent of almost 7 million hotel and restaurant workers in Indonesia are women. Constraints to growth and competitiveness in Indonesia’s tourism sector include: (i) poor government coordination and weak implementation capacity; (ii) poor access to and quality of tourism specific infrastructure; (iii) limited tourism workforce skills, hindering the quality and availability of services; and (iv) a weak enabling environment for private sector investment and business entry. Addressing these is key to unlocking Indonesia’s potential to develop a world-class tourism industry.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2025. Visitors Welcome: Infrastructure and Capacity Building Create Jobs in Indonesia’s Tourism Sector. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/43178 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Citations
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication GIL Top Policy Lessons on Empowering Adolescent Girls(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-05-31)Overlapping crises such as climate change, the ongoing recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, regional conflicts and rising global food insecurity exacerbate the inequalities faced by adolescent girls, making them particularly vulnerable in these critical times. For many girls, these circumstances force them to make decisions about employment and their fertility at an early age, limits their access to formal education, and further exposes them to restrictive social norms. Additionally, domestic responsibilities limit adolescent girls’ time in school and educational achievement, in turn curtailing their ability to enter the labor force. With 60 percent of the total population of Africa under the age of 25, investing in empowering adolescent girls is critical to accelerate economic growth and reduce intergenerational poverty.Publication Policies for Aspirations. And Opportunities(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-04)Policy interventions that foster aspirations, such as those using role models, are increasingly being implemented so that students, women, microentrepreneurs, farmers, and poor individuals can achieve untapped opportunities. Several of these interventions have successfully enhanced educational achievements, labor market participation, and business activities. However, raising the aspirations of individuals when they do not have opportunities to realize them can generate frustration and make them worse off. This paper argues that effective policy interventions need to account for both aspirations and opportunities and proposes a framework to consider both elements. The paper highlights how addressing either element in isolation can lead to unfavorable outcomes, such as falling into an aspiration trap (when low aspirations prevent people from seizing available opportunities), experiencing frustration (when aspirations are enhanced without matching opportunities), or remaining in a poverty trap (when both aspirations and opportunities are low). The paper discusses various policy approaches to raising aspirations and opportunities in light of these scenarios and the challenges of aligning the two elements.Publication Montenegro - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18)Montenegro has made significant strides in promoting gender equality since gaining independence. Improving women’s status is crucial for overall societal development, and Montenegro has seen progress in various sectors, including education, health, and mortality rates. However, disparities persist in the labor market, entrepreneurship, earnings, and unpaid labor. This Country Gender Assessment analyzes gender equality in Montenegro using the framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). The report examines recent progress and challenges across three dimensions: Endowments, Economic Opportunities, and Voice and Agency, drawing on extensive research and data from sources such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication Kosovo - Youth in Jeopardy : Being Young, Unemployed, and Poor in Kosovo(Washington, DC, 2008-09)The main objective of the report is to provide diagnosis on youth employment, which can provide the basis for future policy design. The report is structured as follows: the chapter one provides a general background of macroeconomic and employment outcomes in Kosovo. The chapter then explains the framework, scope, and limitations of this study (Why youth? Why youth in jeopardy?). Chapter two develops a youth employment profile using data from the 2003-2006 labor force surveys and the 2006 household budget survey; analysis includes a profile of youth in jeopardy in Kosovo, employment trends, and assessment of youth employment quality and constraints. Chapter three provides an overview of the current youth programs and policies being implemented in the territory in the context of the Kosovo Youth National Action Plan (KYNAP).Publication Türkiye at the Frontier: Human Capital Utilization, Jobs and Equity - Technical Diagnostic(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-05-07)Türkiye’s early human capital foundations have paved the way for poverty reduction and labor force participation, today facing new multi-dimensional challenges. Türkiye’s investments have historically helped diversify and increase aggregate growth, propelling it to upper middle-income status. Yet relative to overall growth more recently, human capital utilization in terms of jobs has not necessarily kept pace. Over half the population remains either out of the labor force or employed in informal, relatively low-paying jobs, most of whom have been women. Economic vulnerabilities remain following the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID) and the 2023 earthquakes in southeastern Türkiye, compounded by long-term effects of global financial crises and regional conflicts since 2008. Helping vulnerable workers, largely comprising women, adapt to a changing labor market will be needed to sustain a broad, productive workforce for future broad-based growth. As Türkiye embarks on its forthcoming Twelfth Five-Year National Development Plan, a diagnostic of human capital and jobs programs and policies in terms of gender equity is timely for informing future needs. In addition, a review of Türkiye’s experience will equally help provide global knowledge for other countries facing similar challenges. This note aims to assess human capital utilization in terms of inclusive jobs and gender equity in Türkiye towards broadening economic resilience following shocks.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
No results found.