Publication: Montenegro - Country Gender Assessment
Loading...
Date
2024-07-18
ISSN
Published
2024-07-18
Editor(s)
Abstract
Montenegro has made significant strides in promoting gender equality since gaining independence. Improving women’s status is crucial for overall societal development, and Montenegro has seen progress in various sectors, including education, health, and mortality rates. However, disparities persist in the labor market, entrepreneurship, earnings, and unpaid labor. This Country Gender Assessment analyzes gender equality in Montenegro using the framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). The report examines recent progress and challenges across three dimensions: Endowments, Economic Opportunities, and Voice and Agency, drawing on extensive research and data from sources such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank; The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. 2024. Montenegro - Country Gender Assessment. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/41902 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication North Macedonia - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18)Promoting gender equality and increasing women’s participation in the economy are vital for North Macedonia’s development. Actively involving and fully utilizing the diverse skills of the population, especially those currently not in the workforce, is key to reducing poverty and achieving equitable wealth distribution. Despite progress in institutional mechanisms and policy frameworks for gender equality over the past decade, implementation still faces significant challenges. While the gender gap has narrowed in sectors like health and education, persistent disparities remain in economic opportunities, unpaid household responsibilities, property rights, political engagement, and leadership roles. Promoting gender equality in North Macedonia offers substantial opportunities. Apart from being inherently fair, advancing gender equality is essential for fostering inclusive growth and reducing poverty. Improving women’s economic prospects, access to resources, and empowerment is critical for addressing key policy challenges in North Macedonia, including boosting labor productivity, stimulating private sector development, and enhancing resilience. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication Bosnia and Herzegovina - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18)Fostering gender equality and enabling women’s economic participation is critical for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s development trajectory. Actively engaging, nurturing, and optimizing the diverse talents and capabilities of the population, especially of inactive segments, is paramount to sustained progress in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. Over the past decade, Bosnia, and Herzegovina (BiH) has made strides in gender equality, including narrowing gender gaps in education, increasing female life expectancy and female political participation, and reducing fertility rates. However, significant disparities persist in the labor market, entrepreneurship, earnings, occupational segregation, unpaid labor, and violence against women. This Country Gender Assessment provides empirical evidence and analyzes gender equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methodologically, the report adopts the Gender Assessment framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). Through this lens, the report scrutinizes recent progress and lingering challenges across three critical dimensions: Endowments, Economic opportunities, and Voice and Agency. Extensive research was conducted drawing from various data sources to gauge indicators such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence, among others. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication Serbia - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18)Promoting gender equality and enhancing women’s involvement in the economy are crucial for Serbia’s growth trajectory. It’s vital to actively engage, cultivate, and fully utilize the diverse skills and potential of the population, especially those currently inactive in the workforce, to reduce poverty and foster shared prosperity. Over the past decade, Serbia has made strides in gender equality, evident in reduced educational disparities, improved life expectancy for women, increased political engagement among women, and lower birth rates. However, significant gaps persist in areas such as employment, business ownership, wage disparities, gender-segregated jobs, unpaid domestic work, and instances of gender-based violence. This Country Gender Assessment provides empirical evidence and analyzes gender equality in Serbia. Methodologically, the report adopts the Gender Assessment framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). Through this framework, the report examines recent progress and ongoing challenges across three critical dimensions: Endowments, Economic Opportunities, and Voice and Agency. Extensive research was conducted, drawing from various data sources to assess indicators such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence, among others. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication Kosovo - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18)Fostering gender equality and enabling women’s economic participation is critical for Kosovo’s development trajectory. Actively engaging, nurturing, and optimizing the diverse talents and capabilities of the population, especially of inactive segments is paramount to sustained progress in poverty reduction and shared prosperity. In the last decades, Kosovo has seen some progress in gender equality, including reduced gender gaps in education, increased female life expectancy, and a slight uptick in political participation. However, disparities persist in various areas, including the labor market, entrepreneurship, earnings, occupational segregation, unpaid labor, and violence against women. This Country Gender Assessment provides empirical evidence and analyzes gender equality in Kosovo. Methodologically, the report adopts the Gender Assessment framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). Through this lens, the report scrutinizes recent progress and lingering challenges across three critical dimensions: Endowments, Economic opportunities, and Voice and Agency. Extensive research was conducted drawing from various data sources to gauge indicators such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence, among others. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.Publication Albania - Country Gender Assessment(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-18)Positioned as the linchpin in Albania’s journey towards a higher income economy and its aspirations for EU accession, the pivotal role of human capital cannot be overstated. However, the country faces challenges stemming from declining human capital due to factors such as migration, economic inactivity, including of women, and the underutilization of existing talent pools. Enabling women’s economic participation is critical for Albania’s trajectory to a high-income country. Actively engaging, nurturing, and optimizing the diverse talents and capabilities of the population, especially of inactive segments is paramount to underpinning this growth trajectory. Gender and social inclusion lie at the heart of Albania’s development path and thus demand high-level attention and commitment. This Country Gender Assessment provides empirical evidence and analyzes gender equality in Albania. Methodologically, the report adopts the Gender Assessment framework proposed by the World Development Report on Gender Equality and Development (WDR 2012). Through this lens, the report scrutinizes recent progress and lingering challenges across three critical dimensions: Endowments, Economic opportunities, and Voice and Agency. Extensive research was conducted drawing from various data sources to gauge indicators such as health, education, labor market dynamics, and gender-based violence, among others. The structure of the report is as follows. Section 2 delves into the legal and institutional framework. Section 3 assesses gender equality from the perspective of human endowments. Section 4 discusses progress and challenges in economic opportunities. Section 5 focuses on issues related to voice and agency.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication World Development Report 1994(New York: Oxford University Press, 1994)World Development Report 1994, the seventeenth in this annual series, examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance. This report includes the World Development Indicators, which offer selected social and economic statistics for 132 countries.Publication Uruguay : Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC), Corporate Governance Country Assessment(Washington, DC, 2005-09)This report provides an assessment of Uruguay's corporate governance policy framework, enforcement, and compliance practices. It highlights recent improvements in corporate governance regulation, makes policy recommendations, and provides investors with a benchmark against which to measure corporate governance in Uruguay. The paper discusses Uruguay's recent advances in financial and economic stability have given rise to an adequate basis for capital markets deepening and growth. However, these initial advances were jeopardized by a series of defaulting securities issuers and the 2002 financial instability episode which led to a perception of high risk and unpredictability of capital markets. The report then identifies several key steps to take in order to set strong corporate governance efficiency in the state owned financial sector. These steps include: improving corporate information, particularly ownership disclosure, related party transactions procedures, and financial reporting; promoting effective and active boards of directors; strengthening institutions, including the securities regulator, and the companies registry; and modernizing securities markets by strengthening intermediation and related regulations.Publication Moldova : Country Financial Accountability Assessment(Washington, DC, 2003-09-12)The overall conclusion of this report is that despite some progress in improving public financial management, the financial accountability framework in Moldova is weak and requires substantial strengthening. This has important implications for both the Government and the Bank: the Government will need to make a significant effort over a long period of time to attend the issues identified within this report; and the Bank cannot rely on the Moldovan financial accountability framework to ensure that funds are spent for intended purposes, but rather the Bank will need to review and assess each operation's financial management risks and arrangements on its own merit. It would be unrealistic and impractical for the authorities to try to simultaneously address the many recommendations in this report. The Development Action Plan (DAP) lists and prioritizes the main recommendations of this CFAA. The overall responsibility for the implementation of the DAP rests with the Ministry of Finance however the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Labor, the Court of Accounts and the National Bank of Moldova also play significant roles. The DAP was endorsed by the National Steering Committee that was formed specifically for the purpose of this CFAA. The Board endorsed the CAS Progress Report in June 2002, which provided emphasis in public sector reforms and improving governance. The Government confirmed its commitment for strengthening governance by adopting a comprehensive public sector reform strategy. The strategy comprises three elements: (i) public administration reform; (ii) public expenditure management; and (iii) public/private interface. The CAS Progress Report recognized that Government has made significant progress in streamlining and improving public expenditure management, especially in the areas of budget execution, cash management, and debt management.Publication It's Not Factor Accumulation : Stylized Facts and Growth Models(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001-05)The article documents five stylized facts of economic growth: (1) the 'residual' (total factor productivity, tfp) rather than factor accumulation accounts for most of the income and growth differences across countries; (2) income diverges over the long run; (3) factor accumulation is persistent while growth is not, and the growth path of countries exhibits remarkable variation; (4) economic activity is highly concentrated, with all factors of production flowing to the richest areas; and (5) national policies are closely associated with long-run economic growth rates. These facts do not support models with diminishing returns, constant returns to scale, some fixed factor of production, or an emphasis on factor accumulation. However, empirical work does not yet decisively distinguish among the different theoretical conceptions of tfp growth. Economists should devote more effort toward modeling and quantifying tfp.Publication Introducing a Value Added Tax : Lessons from Ghana(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2001-12)In 1998 Ghana's government successfully introduced a value added tax (VAT). But this success followed a failed attempt in 1995, when the country's first VAT was repealed after just three and a half months. Ghana's experience provides several lessons for the successful introduction of a VAT-particularly the importance of recognizing public sensitivity to changes in the tax system and of securing public acceptance when introducing a VAT. A VAT's introductory rate has a big influence on public opinion, but so do public education and management of public expectations. In addition, political commitment- in terms of both an enabling macroeconomic environment and the enactment of legislation-is crucial for securing popular support and ensuring the timely introduction of a VAT.