Publication:
FYR Macedonia Gender Diagnostic : Gaps in Endowments, Access to Economic Opportunities and Agency

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2013-11-13T22:38:02Z
dc.date.available2013-11-13T22:38:02Z
dc.date.issued2013-01
dc.description.abstractFormer Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia has closed several gaps in gender inequalities, particularly in education and health, but key disparities persist in access to economic opportunities and agency, particularly among certain ethnic groups. This report provides an overview of gender disparities in several outcomes related to human and physical endowments, access to economic opportunities, and agency. In addition, it offers potential explanations of these gaps and, in the process, identifies knowledge gaps to be addressed in future research. On average, FYR Macedonia has achieved gender equality in health and in education; however, gender disparities persist for certain population subgroups. However, women are more likely than men to choose general programs or social sciences as their primary field of education. Both men and women are unlikely to undertake additional training following their initial education, but each for different reasons: women are more likely than men to cite family obligations as a key factor in this decision (19 percent of women compared to 1.5 percent of men) as women devote a much larger percentage of their time to domestic activities. In addition, only a limited number of children enroll in pre-school. Female labor force participation is low, particularly among women who have received only a primary education or less. Although female-managed businesses are as productive as male-managed businesses, few women are entrepreneurs. Women's participation in collective actions is limited, and gender stereotypes remain pervasive. Looking forward, further efforts to increase women's access to economic opportunities in FYR Macedonia are needed. Policies aimed at fostering the competitiveness of the private sector for job creation is a key for addressing the high unemployment rates faced by both men and women. In the case of FYR Macedonia, policies can also increase female labor force participation by affecting the potential wages or the reservation wages of less skilled women.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18064205/former-yugoslav-republic-macedonia-gender-diagnostic-gaps-endowments-access-economic-opportunities-agency
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/16253
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16253
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectABORTION
dc.subjectABORTION RATE
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO EDUCATION
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectACCESS TO NETWORKS
dc.subjectACCESS TO SAVINGS
dc.subjectADOLESCENT FERTILITY
dc.subjectAGING WOMEN
dc.subjectASSET ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS
dc.subjectBANKS
dc.subjectBEATING
dc.subjectBIRTHS
dc.subjectBRIBES
dc.subjectBUSINESS PLANS
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCHILD REARING
dc.subjectCHILDBIRTH
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
dc.subjectCONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE
dc.subjectCULTURAL NORMS
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR CONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT CENTER
dc.subjectDISABLED
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectDOMESTIC VIOLENCE
dc.subjectEARLY MARRIAGE
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subjectEDUCATION FUND
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVEL
dc.subjectEDUCATION LEVELS
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectELDERLY
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYER
dc.subjectEMPLOYERS
dc.subjectENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENROLLMENTS
dc.subjectENTREPRENEUR
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUP
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUPS
dc.subjectETHNIC MINORITIES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY FORMATION
dc.subjectFAMILY LAW
dc.subjectFAMILY OBLIGATIONS
dc.subjectFAMILY PLANNING
dc.subjectFAMILY RELATIONS
dc.subjectFEMALE BUSINESSES
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectFEMALE INTENSITY
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectFEMALE VICTIMS
dc.subjectFEMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectFERTILITY RATES
dc.subjectFEWER WOMEN
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIRST CHILD
dc.subjectFOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectFORM OF CREDIT
dc.subjectFORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectFORMS OF VIOLENCE
dc.subjectFORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectGENDER ASSESSMENTS
dc.subjectGENDER BUDGETING
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DIMENSION
dc.subjectGENDER DISPARITIES
dc.subjectGENDER DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAP IN ACCESS
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectGENDER ISSUES
dc.subjectGENDER PARITY
dc.subjectGENDER PERSPECTIVE
dc.subjectGENDER PERSPECTIVES
dc.subjectGENDER ROLES
dc.subjectGENDER STEREOTYPES
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD BUDGET
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CHORES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN HEALTH
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectIMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITIES
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectJOB SECURITY
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLACK OF CAPITAL
dc.subjectLEVELS OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTHS
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLONGER LIFE
dc.subjectLOW FERTILITY
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectMATERNITY LEAVE
dc.subjectMINIMUM AGE FOR MARRIAGE
dc.subjectMINIMUM WAGE
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectMOTHER
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WOMEN
dc.subjectNUMBER OF WORKERS
dc.subjectOLDER MEN
dc.subjectOLDER WOMEN
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectOWNERSHIP OF LAND
dc.subjectPARENTAL LEAVE
dc.subjectPARLIAMENTARY SEATS
dc.subjectPARLIAMENTARY UNION
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPENSION FUND
dc.subjectPLAN FOR GENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectPOLICE FORCE
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTIES
dc.subjectPOOR WOMEN
dc.subjectPOPULATION SUBGROUPS
dc.subjectPREGNANCY
dc.subjectPREGNANT WOMEN
dc.subjectPRENATAL CARE
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectREPRODUCTIVE AGE
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRETENTION RATE
dc.subjectROLE OF WOMEN
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSCHOLARSHIP
dc.subjectSCHOOL STUDENTS
dc.subjectSCHOOL YEAR
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSHADOW REPORT
dc.subjectSKILLED WOMEN
dc.subjectSMALL BUSINESS
dc.subjectSOCIAL EXPECTATIONS
dc.subjectSOCIAL NORMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PRESSURE
dc.subjectSOCIAL SCIENCES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECTORS
dc.subjectSOURCE OF CREDIT
dc.subjectSPOUSE
dc.subjectSPOUSES
dc.subjectSTART-UP
dc.subjectTECHNICAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTRADE UNION
dc.subjectTRADE UNION MEMBERS
dc.subjectTRAINING CENTERS
dc.subjectTRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectUNEDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED WOMEN
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectUNICEF
dc.subjectUNION
dc.subjectUNIVERSITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectUNMET DEMAND
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectUSAID
dc.subjectUSE OF CONTRACEPTION
dc.subjectVIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectVOCATIONAL TRAINING
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWDR
dc.subjectWIDOWS
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWOMEN MANAGERS
dc.subjectWOMEN WITH CHILDREN
dc.subjectWOMEN WITH REGARD
dc.subjectWORK SCHEDULES
dc.subjectWORKING-AGE POPULATION
dc.subjectYOUNG MEN
dc.subjectYOUNG WOMEN
dc.titleFYR Macedonia Gender Diagnostic : Gaps in Endowments, Access to Economic Opportunities and Agencyen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.date.disclosure2013-07-31
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T10:28:37.678281Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Country Gender Assessment (CGA)
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/18064205/former-yugoslav-republic-macedonia-gender-diagnostic-gaps-endowments-access-economic-opportunities-agency
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000356161_20130801122914
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum18064205
okr.identifier.report77744
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2013/08/01/000356161_20130801122914/Rendered/PDF/7774440WP0P1440Box0379792B00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.countryMacedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of
okr.region.countryNorth Macedonia (Formerly the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
okr.sectorPublic Administration, Law, and Justice :: Law and justice
okr.themeSocial dev/gender/inclusion :: Gender
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicGender::Gender and Health
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.unitMacroeconomics 3 (ECSP3)
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
7774440WP0P1440Box0379792B00PUBLIC0.pdf
Size:
3.61 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
7774440WP0P1440Box0379792B00PUBLIC0.txt
Size:
132.22 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download
Collections
Country Gender Assessment