Publication: Factors Affecting Transport Sector CO(2) Emissions Growth in Latin American and Caribbean Countries : An LMDI Decomposition Analysis
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Date
2009
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0363-907X
Published
2009
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This study determines the factors responsible for the growth of transport sector CO(2) emissions in 20 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries during the 1980-2005 period by decomposing the emissions growth into components associated with changes in fuel mix (FM), modal shift and economic growth, as well as changes in emission coefficients (EC) and transportation energy intensity (EI). The key finding of the study is that economic growth and the changes in transportation El are the principal factors driving transport sector CO(2) emission growth in the countries considered. While economic growth is responsible for the increasing trend of transport sector CO(2) emissions in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Peru and Uruguay, the transportation El effect is driving CO(2) emissions in Bolivia, the Caribbean, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Other Latin America, Panama and Paraguay. Both economic activity (EA) and El effects are found responsible for transport sector CO(2) emissions growth in the rest of the Latin American countries. In order to limit CO(2) emissions from the transportation sector in LAC countries, decoupling of the growth of CO(2) emissions from economic growth is necessary; this can be done through policy instruments to promote fuel switching, modal shifting and reductions in transport sector EI. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Publication The Growth of Transport Sector CO2 Emissions and Underlying Factors in Latin America and the Caribbean(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-09)This study examines the factors responsible for the growth of transport sector carbon dioxide emissions in 20 Latin American and Caribbean countries during 1980-2005 by decomposing the emissions growth into components associated with changes in fuel mix, modal shift, and economic growth, as well as changes in emission coefficients and transportation energy intensity. The key finding of the study is that economic growth and the changes in transportation energy intensity are the main factors driving transport sector carbon dioxide emissions growth in the countries considered. 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Underlying Factors and Policy Options(2009-10-01)Rapidly increasing emissions of carbon dioxide from the transport sector, particularly in urban areas, is a major challenge to sustainable development in developing countries. This study analyzes the factors responsible for transport sector CO2 emissions growth in selected developing Asian countries during 1980-2005. The analysis splits the annual emissions growth into components representing economic development; population growth; shifts in transportation modes; and changes in fuel mix, emission coefficients, and transportation energy intensity. The study also reviews existing government policies to limit CO2 emissions growth, particularly various fiscal and regulatory policy instruments. The study finds that of the six factors considered, three - economic development, population growth, and transportation energy intensity - are responsible for driving up transport sector CO2 emissions in Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam. In contrast, only economic development and population growth are responsible in the case of China, India, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. CO2 emissions exhibit a downward trend in Mongolia due to decreasing transportation energy intensity. The study also finds that some existing policy instruments help reduce transport sector CO2 emissions, although they were not necessarily targeted for this purpose when introduced.Publication Risk Sharing Opportunities and Macroeconomic Factors in Latin American and Caribbean Countries : A Consumption Insurance Assessment(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2008-01)This paper evaluates the degree of consumption insurance enjoyed by Latin American and Caribbean countries, with respect to various reference areas, by estimating a parameter expressing the sensitivity of a country's consumption growth to a measure of idiosyncratic shocks to income. The paper surveys common econometric implementations of "consumption insurance tests." The author proposes some econometric procedures in order to detect the actual presence of international risk sharing, as well as to assess the relative impact of idiosyncratic versus aggregate shocks. The evidence suggests that Latin American and Caribbean economies have been hit by non-diversifiable income shocks, that idiosyncratic risk is relatively more important than aggregate risk, and that some countries in the region appear to enjoy a certain amount of international risk diversification. The paper also identifies some macroeconomic factors that may be responsible for a higher or lower degree of risk pooling (such as international openness, financial depth, and credit availability). The findings show that the financial development of an economy is a crucial factor in determining the amount of risk sharing opportunities, as well as public expenditure. The preliminary results also suggest that trade openness and shocks to terms of trade play an important role in determining the degree of insurability of such risks.Publication Benchmarking Analysis of the Electricity Distribution Sector in the Latin American and Caribbean Region(Washington, DC, 2008)Benchmarking the electricity distribution segment in the Latin American and Caribbean Region (LCR) is a means of providing countries and utilities with a point of reference regarding their performance. The objective of this report is to fill in the knowledge gaps that exist regarding the status of electricity distribution by benchmarking utility performance at the regional, country, and utility level. This report serves as a standard reference for and defines good and poor electricity distribution performance in Latin America and the Caribbean. Considering the changes that have shaped the power sector during the last decade, this benchmarking report provides country and utility level direction and a framework of comparison for identifying where they stand in relation to the others, detecting their strengths and weaknesses, and setting goals for improvement. The purpose of benchmarking the power sector is to provide a detailed description of the electricity distribution segment in the LCR and to identify and rank the best performers in the region. This report is designed to be solely factual, aimed at describing electricity distribution performance at the regional, country, and utility levels and does not assume, at this stage, an analytical or explanatory role. Additionally, this study will contribute towards a more consistent benchmarking analysis in the electricity distribution segment and serves as a path-breaker for other regional benchmarking initiatives. This benchmarking initiative contributes primarily with the collection and analysis of detailed data for 26 countries and 250 utilities that represent 88 percent of the electricity connections in the LCR.
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