Publication: Indonesia - Spending More or Spending Better : Improving Education Financing in Indonesia
Date
2013-03
ISSN
Published
2013-03
Author(s)
World Bank
Abstract
The report is divided into two parts.
The first three chapters show that the vast increase in
education resources has not been accompanied by a similar
increase in learning outcomes, and thus highlight the urgent
need to improve the quality of spending. Chapter one starts
by describing the complex financing and governance systems.
With this policy framework in mind, Chapter two focuses on
the 20 percent rule, analyzing its consequences for budget
planning and management and examining where resources went
after this vast increase in spending. The chapter also
provides some estimates of the cost of meeting future
government objectives, in the context of discussions on
expanding compulsory education, and broadening teacher
certification. Chapter three looks at education outcomes,
reviewing the significant improvements in access and equity,
as well as the worrisome trends in learning outcomes. It
points to improving the quality of education and expanding
access to secondary and above (especially for the poor) as
the main challenges in the sector. Given the cost of
achieving these goals, and the fact that current expenditure
patterns are unlikely to lead to improvements in learning
outcomes, the chapter concludes that improving the quality
of spending in education is now critical. The second part of
the report focuses on how to improve the quality of spending
in order to continue expansion and improve learning
outcomes. In chapter four, the quality of spending issue is
divided into two areas: i) reassigning or improving programs
at the central level, and ii) improving management at the
district and school levels. At the central level, this
chapter analyzes the Scholarships for the Poor program (BSM)
and recommends that it be expanded and improved. At the
sub-national level, the report explores how a combination of
more efficient teacher management and stronger support for
schools can improve efficiency and learning outcomes, and
what the central government s role should be in ensuring
that these changes occur. Finally, chapter five summarizes
these recommendations, providing a framework for improving
the quality of spending and, ultimately, ensuring that this
spending leads to an improvement in the quality of the
Indonesian education system.
Citation
“World Bank. 2013. Indonesia - Spending More or Spending Better : Improving Education Financing in Indonesia. © World Bank, Jakarta. http://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13210 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”