Publication: Integrating the Indigenous Knowledge of Borana Pastoralists into Rangeland Management Strategies in Southern Ethiopia
Abstract
Pastoralists' indigenous knowledge (IK) about ecology and social organization led to rangeland-management strategies appropriate to deal with the erratic rainfall in African drylands. Herd mobility was traditionally practiced as the key strategy to make use of the scattered rangeland resources on a large scale.
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“World Bank. 2005. Integrating the Indigenous Knowledge of Borana Pastoralists into Rangeland Management Strategies in Southern Ethiopia. Indigenous Knowledge (IK) Notes; No. 81. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/10753 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
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Publication Mongolia Agricultural Sector Risk Assessment(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2015-03)The magnitude of risks facing Mongolian agriculture has made the sector’s development extraordinarily volatile over the last 25 years as it underwent decollectivization. Livestock in particular has seen rapid and largely unsustainable rates of growth in terms of numbers of animals and herders, and in so doing has become acutely vulnerable to the severe winter weather events known as dzuds. Periodic droughts and other production risks have also affected the country’s much smaller crop agriculture, much of which is geared for the production of feeds. And price volatility poses serious systemic risks which affect large proportions of the rural population. This study was undertaken to assess the systemic risks facing Mongolian agriculture and to identify gaps in current risk management practices within the sector.Publication Mongolia : Livestock Sector Study(Washington, DC, 2009-09-15)The purpose of this synthesis report is to try and draw together recent work on the sector to understand in greater detail what is driving the sector, and how these drivers and trends may play out in the future and what options are available in response. This is not a strategy for the sector, but rather an attempt to provide some clarity to the development of the sector as a basis for stimulating discussion to inform strategy and specifically, to inform government policy and expenditure in the sector. The report draws upon five working papers (WPs) that were commissioned by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture in 2006 and 2007 . 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This study found that Mongolians in the SGR, especially pastoralists, are interested in wildlife and can be willing cooperators in conservation, especially if they receive some compensation for their efforts. The general conclusion reached by this report is that direct competition for resources is not now the primary issue affecting the relationship between humans, pastoral livestock and large herbivore wildlife; rather it is the lack or loss of a conservation ethic that provides protection for traditional users of natural resources, enforcement of hunting regulations, and prevents illegal sport hunting that is rapidly reducing populations of large wild herbivores in the region. Although economic development of the region will undoubtedly proceed, having in place an effective and functional natural resource management program is critical.Publication Exploring Options to Institutionalize the Dzud Disaster Response Product in Mongolia(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-04)This study aims to provide the guiding principles to the government of Mongolia (GOM) towards creating comprehensive ex-ante risk management strategy based on the assessment of the pros and cons of historical approach of livestock risk management as well as best practices around the world. For instance, it proposes an option for the National Disaster Indemnification Program (NDIP) that acts as a state insurance enterprise and provides social insurance protection to herders against extreme dzud disaster events. The report concludes that by introducing NDIP, the GOM would have an opportunity to introduce the social safety net product, publicly provided and financed, to respond quickly to herders most affected by extremely high levels of livestock losses following major dzud event.The NDIP would assist the Government of Mongolia and international donors to structure and distribute dzud related disaster financing in a systematic, timely and transparent manner, while keeping high covariate risks manageable.Publication Mongolia : Improving Feed and Fodder Supply for Dzud Management(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2011-06)The paper reports on improving feed and fodder supply for the dzud management in Mongolia study, and aims to identify policy options that could improve the effectiveness and efficiency of dzud emergency management and response. It includes an assessment of the appropriate roles for the private and public sectors, identification of issues, and capacity building requirements. 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