Publication:
Educational Access and Disparities in Myanmar

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dc.contributor.authorFukao, T.
dc.contributor.authorKatwal, S.
dc.contributor.authorThwin, M. M.
dc.contributor.authorKyaw, A. P.
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-02T14:53:52Z
dc.date.available2024-12-02T14:53:52Z
dc.date.issued2024-12-02
dc.description.abstractMyanmar’s education sector experienced significant progress in expanding access across all levels in the years leading up to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite these achievements, Myanmar faces persistent challenges in delivering quality education, with student performance lagging regional standards. The education sector in Myanmar experienced severe disruptions due to the pandemic and the subsequent military coup, resulting in prolonged school closures and a weakened public education system. These challenges have been further compounded by Myanmar’s deteriorating economic situation since the military takeover in 2021. Further, education spending in Myanmar has declined, with the first year-on-year declines in nominal spending for education since FY2011-12. This reduction in financial support along with decrease in the number of teachers due to the dismissal of those participating in the civil disobedience movement (CDM) suggests a likely decline in the quality of teaching and learning for students who remain in school. To address these urgent challenges, development partners put forward the Myanmar Joint Response Framework (JRF) for the Education Sector 2022-2025 in March 2022. The JRF focuses on supporting community-based and open learning modalities through civil society organizations and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the near term, with plans to progressively increase engagement as the political and operating environment improves. The report focuses on the following key questions: (1) what is the current state of enrollment rates across different education levels?; (2) how do enrollment rates vary across different demographic and socioeconomic groups?; (3) what are the main factors contributing to children being out of school?; and (4) how are households coping with disruptions in schooling, including the use of online education and non-public schools? The report is structured as follows: section 1 gives introduction. Section 2 outlines the data and methodology, section 3 examines the state of education access and disparities, section 4 explores household coping strategies, and section 5 summarizes the findings and provides concluding remarks. en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099111224114516735/P18007310beb470831ae8a15417542ace40
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/42477
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/42477
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.rightsCC BY-NC 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo
dc.subjectQUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectMILITARY COUP IMPACT ON EDUCATION
dc.subjectDECLINE IN EDUCATION SPENDING
dc.subjectCOVID-19 PANDEMIC DISRUPTIONS
dc.titleEducational Access and Disparities in Myanmaren
dc.typeWorking Paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleEducational Access and Disparities in Myanmar
okr.date.disclosure2024-12-02
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-14T11:52:36.551234Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-06-05T02:10:12.870861Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-06-06T02:10:17.855167Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-06-07T02:09:25.064366Z
okr.date.doiregistration2025-06-08T02:10:15.432227Z
okr.date.lastmodified2024-11-14T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099111224114516735/P18007310beb470831ae8a15417542ace40
okr.guid099111224114516735
okr.identifier.docmidP180073-0beb4782-f0f8-4483-ae8a-5417542ace40
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34421166
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34421166
okr.identifier.report194677
okr.import.id5902
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099111224114516735/pdf/P18007310beb470831ae8a15417542ace40.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryMyanmar
okr.sectorHealth-HG,Other Education,Social Protection
okr.themeMigration, Remittances and Diaspora Engagement,Student Assessment,Job Creation,Human Development and Gender,Data Development and Capacity Building,Economic Policy,Non-communicable diseases,Social Protection,Social Development and Protection,Economic Growth and Planning,Access to Education,Disease Control,Private Sector Development,Health System Strengthening,Health Service Delivery,Public Sector Management,Jobs,Data production, accessibility and use,Teachers,Education,Health Systems and Policies,Social protection delivery systems
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.topicAgriculture::Food Security
okr.topicConflict and Development::Disaster Management
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Employment and Shared Growth
okr.topicUrban Development
okr.topicSocial Development
okr.topicEducation::Education for All
okr.topicEducation::Primary Education
okr.unitHD - E.Asia Director (HEADR)
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