Publication:
The Poverty and Welfare Impacts of Climate Change Quantifying the Effects, Identifying the Adaptation Strategies

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dc.contributor.authorSkoufias, Emmanuel
dc.date.accessioned2012-07-31T15:07:49Z
dc.date.available2012-07-31T15:07:49Z
dc.date.issued2012-07-20
dc.description.abstractThe continued decline in global poverty over the past 100 years particularly in the past three decades is a remarkable achievement. In 1981, 52 percent of the world population lived on less than $1.25 a day. By 2005, that rate had been cut in half, to 25.0 percent, and by 2008 to 22.2 percent (World Bank 2012). Preliminary estimates for 2010 indicate that the extreme poverty rate has fallen further still; if follow-up studies confirm this, the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving world poverty will have been reached five years early (World Bank 2010). In recent years, poverty reduction has continued in most countries, even after the financial, food, and fuel shocks of 2008-09. Although poverty remains widespread in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, progress has been substantial: extreme poverty fell in South Asia from 54 percent in 1990 to 36 percent in 2008 (World Bank 2012). In Sub-Saharan Africa, where population growth exceeded the rate of poverty reduction, the number of extremely poor people increased from 290 million in 1990 to 356 million in 2008, yet over 2005-08, the region's poverty rate nonetheless 'fell 4.8 percentage points to less than 50 percent the largest drop in Sub-Saharan Africa since international poverty rates have been computed,' according to the latest edition of the World Development Indicators (WDI) (World Bank 2012). Although progress has been slower at the $2-a-day poverty line, the WDI noted that an increase in the absolute number of people living on $1.25-$2.00 a day reflects both the upward movement from extreme poverty and 'the vulnerabilities still faced by a great many people in the world.' climate change is likely to reduce agricultural productivity, especially in the tropical regions, and to directly affect poor people's livelihood assets including health, access to water and other natural resources, homes, and infrastructure (World Bank 2010). Moreover, increasing climatic variability manifesting as more frequent and erratic weather extremes, or 'weather shocks' will likely make poor households even more vulnerable, which could in turn exacerbate the incidence, severity, and persistence of poverty in developing countries. This volume not only surveys the research terrain concerning the effects of climate change on poverty but also looks closely at vulnerable rural populations (in a developing country, Indonesia, and in the newly industrialized Mexico) where weather shocks have measurable short term if not immediate effects on the farming livelihoods many depend on for both income and subsistence. The low-income farmers of rice in Indonesia and of corn and other staple crops in Mexico are at the human forefront of climate change.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/07/16546569/poverty-welfare-impacts-climate-change-quantifying-effects-identifying-adaptation-strategies
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9611-7
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-9611-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/9384
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesDirections in Development ; Poverty
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectABATEMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectABSOLUTE POVERTY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INCOMES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL YIELDS
dc.subjectALTITUDE
dc.subjectARID CLIMATES
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCAPS
dc.subjectCARBON ENERGY
dc.subjectCASH TRANSFERS
dc.subjectCHANGES IN POVERTY
dc.subjectCHILD MORTALITY
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE ACTION
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGES
dc.subjectCLIMATE CONDITIONS
dc.subjectCLIMATE DAMAGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE DAMAGES
dc.subjectCLIMATE EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectCLIMATE EXTREMES
dc.subjectCLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS
dc.subjectCLIMATE PROJECTIONS
dc.subjectCLIMATE VARIABILITY
dc.subjectCLIMATE-CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE-CHANGE IMPACTS
dc.subjectCLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIO
dc.subjectCLIMATE-CHANGE SCENARIOS
dc.subjectCLIMATE-RELATED RISKS
dc.subjectCLIMATES
dc.subjectCLIMATIC SHOCKS
dc.subjectCLIMATIC VARIABILITY
dc.subjectCLIMATIC VARIATION
dc.subjectCLIMATOLOGISTS
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOLORS
dc.subjectCONSEQUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION IMPACTS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION PATTERNS
dc.subjectCOOLER TEMPERATURES
dc.subjectCOPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCOUNTERFACTUAL
dc.subjectCREDIT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectDAMAGES
dc.subjectDEGREE DAYS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC WELFARE
dc.subjectECONOMICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectEFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION ABATEMENT
dc.subjectEMISSION CONTROL
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS CONTROL
dc.subjectEMISSIONS MITIGATION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS PATH
dc.subjectEMISSIONS SCENARIOS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectEXTREME CLIMATE EVENTS
dc.subjectEXTREME DRY
dc.subjectEXTREME EVENTS
dc.subjectEXTREME HEAT
dc.subjectEXTREME HEAT EVENTS
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectEXTREME PRECIPITATION
dc.subjectEXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS
dc.subjectEXTREME WEATHER
dc.subjectEXTREME WEATHER EVENTS
dc.subjectEXTREMELY POOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFLOODS
dc.subjectFOOD AVAILABILITY
dc.subjectFOOD CONSUMERS
dc.subjectFOOD EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFOOD POLICY
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFUTURE CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGLOBAL MEAN TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectGLOBAL POVERTY
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE EFFECT
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGROWTH ASSUMPTIONS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD VULNERABILITY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WELFARE
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectICE CAPS
dc.subjectIMPACT OF CLIMATE
dc.subjectIMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectIMPACT ON POVERTY
dc.subjectIMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectIMPACTS OF TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectIMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME RISK
dc.subjectINCOME SHOCK
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectIPCC
dc.subjectIRRIGATION
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLAND DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectLAND PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLAND REFORM
dc.subjectLAND VALUE
dc.subjectLOW RAINFALL
dc.subjectLOW-CARBON
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMETEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectMONETARY FUND
dc.subjectNATIONAL INCOME
dc.subjectNATIONAL POVERTY
dc.subjectNEGATIVE IMPACT
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectPER CAPITA CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY SCENARIOS
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPOOR HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectPOOR LIVING
dc.subjectPOOR REGIONS
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOVERTY ANALYSIS
dc.subjectPOVERTY ESTIMATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY IMPACT
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINES
dc.subjectPOVERTY MEASURES
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION EFFORTS
dc.subjectPOVERTY THRESHOLD
dc.subjectPRELIMINARY ESTIMATES
dc.subjectPRICE EFFECT
dc.subjectPROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPUBLIC WORKS
dc.subjectRAIN
dc.subjectRAINFALL
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICE
dc.subjectRESOURCE ECONOMICS
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectRISK SHARING
dc.subjectRURAL
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL DISTRICTS
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL LABOR
dc.subjectRURAL POOR
dc.subjectRURAL POOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATIONS
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY RATE
dc.subjectRURAL WAGES
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
dc.subjectSEASON
dc.subjectSOCIAL FUNDS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSUBSISTENCE
dc.subjectSURFACE TEMPERATURE
dc.subjectTARGETING
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE DATA
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE INCREASE
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE INCREASES
dc.subjectTEMPERATURES
dc.subjectTOTAL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectTROPICAL REGIONS
dc.subjectUNCERTAINTIES
dc.subjectVARIABILITY OF CLIMATE
dc.subjectWARMING CLIMATE
dc.subjectWEATHER CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWEATHER EXTREMES
dc.subjectWEATHER PATTERNS
dc.subjectWMO
dc.titleThe Poverty and Welfare Impacts of Climate Change Quantifying the Effects, Identifying the Adaptation Strategiesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaClimate Change
okr.date.disclosure2012-07-25
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/07/16546569/poverty-welfare-impacts-climate-change-quantifying-effects-identifying-adaptation-strategies
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.guid193951468348850686
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9611-7
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000386194_20120727043225
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum16546569
okr.identifier.report71451
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/07/27/000386194_20120727043225/Rendered/PDF/714510PUB097800C0disclosed070250120.pdfen
okr.topicScience and Technology Development::Science of Climate Change
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Rural Poverty Reduction
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Climate Change Economics
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Regional Economic Development
okr.unitPoverty Reduction and Equity (PRMPR)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa13e8a03-0b69-5efe-bbe1-e28689834753
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverya13e8a03-0b69-5efe-bbe1-e28689834753
relation.isSeriesOfPublication706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
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