Publication: Why Did the Communist Party Reform in China, But Not in the Soviet Union? The Political Economy of Agricultural Transition
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Published
2009
ISSN
1043-951X
Date
2012-03-30
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The dramatic transition from Communism to market economies across Asia and Europe started in the Chinese countryside in the 1970s. Since then more than a billion of people, many of them very poor, have been affected by radical reforms in agriculture. However, there are enormous differences in the reform strategies that countries have chosen. This paper presents a set of arguments to explain why countries have chosen different reform policies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Publication Symposium on Agriculture in Transition: Why Did the Communist Party Reform in China, but Not in the Soviet Union? The Political Economy of Agricultural Transition(2009)The dramatic transition from Communism to market economies across Asia and Europe started in the Chinese countryside in the 1970s. Since then more than a billion of people, many of them very poor, have been affected by radical reforms in agriculture. However, there are enormous differences in the reform strategies that countries have chosen. This paper presents a set of arguments to explain why countries have chosen different reform policies.Publication Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions in Transition Countries of Asia and Europe(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-05)This paper analyzes the political and institutional factors which are behind the dramatic changes in distortions to agricultural incentives in the transition countries in East Asia, Central Asia, and the rest of the former Soviet Union, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The paper explains why these changes have occurred and why there are large differences among transition countries in the extent and the nature of the remaining distortions.Publication Political Reforms and Public Policy: Evidence from Agricultural and Food Policies(Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank, 2014-01-23)This paper studies the effect of political regime transitions on public policy using a new data set on global agricultural and food policies over a 50-year period (including data from 74 developing and developed countries over the 1955–2005 period). We find evidence that democratization leads to a reduction of agricultural taxation, an increase in agricultural subsidization, or both. The empirical findings are consistent with the predictions of the median voter model because political transitions occurred primarily in countries with a majority of farmers. The results are robust to different specifications, estimation approaches, and variable definitions.Publication Political Economy of Agricultural Distortions(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-05)The 1980s and first half of the 1990s were a very active period in the field of political economy of agricultural protection. While the past decade has witnessed a slowdown in this area, there have been very important developments on political economy in other parts of the economics profession. This paper reviews key new insights and developments in the general political economy literature and draws implications for the study of the political economy of distortions to agricultural incentives.Publication Political Economy of Public Policies : Insights from Distortions to Agricultural and Food Markets(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-05)The agricultural and food sector is an ideal case for investigating the political economy of public policies. Many of the policy developments in this sector since the 1950s have been sudden and transformational, while others have been gradual but persistent. This paper reviews and synthesizes the literature on trends and fluctuations in market distortions and the political-economy explanations that have been advanced. Based on a rich global data set covering a half-century of evidence on commodities, countries, and policy instruments, the paper identifies hypotheses that have been explored in the literature on the extent of market distortions and the conditions under which reform may be feasible.
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