Publication:
The Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship in Romania: Background Study for the Romania Gender Assessment

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dc.contributor.authorRobayo-Abril, Monica
dc.contributor.authorRude, Britta
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-29T22:19:53Z
dc.date.available2023-11-29T22:19:53Z
dc.date.issued2023-11-29
dc.description.abstractAlthough female entrepreneurship is crucial to generating sustainable and equitable growth patterns, international evidence shows that women tend to be underrepresented in entrepreneurship, and this gender gap has exhibited remarkable persistence. In this study, we first measure the gender gap in entrepreneurship in Romania by using various data sources. We observe significant gender gaps, with the average gender gap in self-employment rates being 4.2 percentage points when abstracting from observable characteristics. Even when controlling for observable characteristics, the gender gap is persistent (3.7 percentage points). Other measures, such as the share of firms with female owners and top managers, indicate that the gap could be even larger. Moreover, we observe that the entrepreneurial gender gap varies across income quintiles and between rural and urban areas. In the second step, we analyze the potential drivers of women’s engaging less in entrepreneurship by following the model of the “5 M’s” developed by Brush, De Bruin, and Welter (2009). We find that the following drivers play a role in the entrepreneurial gender gap in Romania: gender gaps in financial inclusion and access to assets, harmful gender norms, motherhood, lack of childcare, and eldercare. Our findings suggest the need for a nuanced approach toward female entrepreneurship that factors in the distinct challenges of different groups of women and consists of a menu of policy interventions. Policies should range from improving women’s access to relevant assets, human capital, and networks to addressing harmful gender norms and sparking an entrepreneurial culture in Romania more generally. Lastly, our evidence indicates that women are more interested in “impact” entrepreneurship. As women entrepreneurs in Romania mainly operate in the primary sector, givingthem a leading role in the green transition has great potential for more sustainable and equitable growth patterns.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112223112033359/P1800110017ba208909c4509e3d20fedaa4
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/40668
dc.identifier.urihttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40668
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY-NC 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo
dc.subjectFEMAIL ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectEQUITABLE GROWTH
dc.subjectFEMALE MANAGERS
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYED WOMEN
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INCLUSION
dc.titleThe Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship in Romaniaen
dc.title.subtitleBackground Study for the Romania Gender Assessmenten
dc.typeWorking Paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleThe Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship in Romania: Background Study for the Romania Gender Assessment
okr.date.disclosure2023-11-22
okr.date.lastmodified2023-11-22T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypeReport
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112223112033359/P1800110017ba208909c4509e3d20fedaa4
okr.guid099112223112524732
okr.guid099112223112012305
okr.guid099112223112037081
okr.guid099112223112033359
okr.guid099081623044017116
okr.identifier.docmidP180011-017ba21f-3229-4289-9c45-9e3d20fedaa4
okr.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1596/40668
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34201593
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34201593
okr.identifier.report185988
okr.import.id2411
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099112223112033359/pdf/P1800110017ba208909c4509e3d20fedaa4.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.countryRomania
okr.sectorCentral Government (Central Agencies)
okr.themeInclusive Growth,Other Excluded Groups,Gender,Human Development and Gender,Data Development and Capacity Building,Economic Policy,Social Development and Protection,Economic Growth and Planning,Public Sector Management,Data production, accessibility and use,Social Inclusion
okr.topicSocial Development::Social Inclusion & Institutions
okr.topicGender::Gender Informatics
okr.topicGender::Gender Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Social Entrepreneurship and Business Clusters
okr.unitEFI-ECA-POV-Poverty and Equity (EECPV)
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