Publication: Livelihood and Job Creation
Abstract
Livelihood and job creation have long been critical challenges to disaster recovery. Following the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE), the Japanese government launched an innovative cash-for-work (CFW) project, hiring more than 31,700 jobless people to work not only on reconstruction, but also on clerical and support work for affected people. This allowed it to reach out to women and the elderly, vulnerable groups that were traditionally excluded from schemes focusing primarily on manual work. This report gives findings; lessons; and recommendations for developing countries.
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“Nagamatsu, Shingo; Bettencourt, Sofia. 2013. Livelihood and Job Creation. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16142 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
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Publication Providing Social Protection and Livelihood Support During Post-Earthquake Recovery(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2010-12)Providing basic income and employment support is an essential component of the government efforts to rebuild the province of Sichuan from the devastation caused by the earthquake. The primary objective of such policies is to protect the most vulnerable households in the affected communities. These policies can also have benefits in terms of rejuvenating local economic activities by creating purchasing power in affected areas, as well as rebuilding severely damaged basic infrastructure by integrating select reconstruction activities with social protection programs. This note focuses on two main approaches: cash transfer and public works programs. After the South Asia earthquake in 2005, Pakistan used a cash transfer program to protect the vulnerable and help regenerate local economies. To illustrate how a public works program can be a flexible instrument for providing short-term income support while at the same time contributing to the recovery of essential public infrastructure, the experience of several countries is introduced. Building on these country experiences, the note discusses key lessons relevant for China.Publication Improving the Resilience of Livelihoods to Natural Disasters(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2010-12)Earthquakes, floods, cyclones, and such other hazards each year affect approximately 200 million people. Developing countries absorbed 98 percent of these disasters and accounted for nine out of ten disaster-related deaths in the period 1991-2005. In fact, low and middle income countries suffer more severe and widespread degradation than do wealthy countries, whose insurance market covers highly valued property and where sophisticated tools report absolute economic loss. 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The Department of Social Welfare and Development is prominently integrated into the national disaster risk management framework of the Philippines, taking the lead coordinating role in disaster response activities. Consequently, social protection programs are on the frontlines of disaster response in the Philippines. This paper focuses specifically on the devastating impact of Typhoon Yolanda, which struck the country in November 2013, as a case study against which the Philippines’ social protection response can be assessed.Publication Reconstruction Policy and Planning(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-01)The unprecedented damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) affected multiple locations, posing severe challenges for local governments. Based on advice from an independent council, the government acted quickly and issued a basic policy and regulation framework within four months, laying the foundation for an inclusive process of recovery and reconstruction. This note documents the interactive process of reconstruction planning, as conducted by various levels of government with the active engagement of affected people, experts, volunteers, and the private sector. This report gives findings; lessons; and recommendations for developing countries.Publication Marshall Islands(Washington, DC, 2015-02)This note aims to build understanding of the existing disaster risk financing and insurance (DRFI) tools in use in The Marshall Islands and to identify gaps where potential engagement could further develop financial resilience. The likelihood that a hazardous event will have a significant impact on the Marshall Islands has risen with the increasing levels of population and assets in the urban areas of Majuro and Ebeye. The low-lying atolls are at risk of damage to both assets and people as a result of storm surges and tsunamis. The Marshall Islands is expected to incur, on average over the long term, annual losses of US$3 million due to earthquakes and tropical cyclones. In the next 50 years, the Marshall Islands has a 50 percent chance of experiencing a loss exceeding US$53 million. The government takes an ex-ante approach to financing the cost of disasters, but the resources available are limited. The Marshall Islands has a maximum amount of US$15.6 million potentially available in ex-ante instruments to facilitate disaster response. The government s post-disaster budget execution process relies on a variety of financial tools, but the size of the economy limits access to immediate post-disaster cash resources. A number of options for improving disaster risk financing and insurance are presented here for consideration: (a) develop an integrated disaster risk financing and insurance strategy; (b) assess the domestic insurance market for both public and private assets to establish what products are currently offered and to determine their level of uptake; (c) carry out a quantitative analysis to determine whether contingent credit could be an effective tool to access additional liquidity post-disaster; and (d) investigate the possibility of establishing policies for financial assistance to disaster victims in remote communities.
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