Publication:
Growing United: Upgrading Europe's Convergence Machine

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dc.contributor.authorRidao-Cano, Cristobal
dc.contributor.authorBodewig, Christian
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-08T22:23:05Z
dc.date.available2018-03-08T22:23:05Z
dc.date.issued2018-03-01
dc.description.abstractSince its foundation over sixty years ago, the European Union (EU) has become the modern world's greatest "convergence machine", propelling poorer, and newer, member states to become high-income economies, and delivering to its citizens some of the highest living standards and lowest levels of income inequality in the world. But today, Europeans are increasingly recognizing that convergence is not automatic. Inequality among people has been mounting in many parts of the EU since the 1990s, as low-income Europeans are falling behind in the labor market. And the productivity gap between Southern and Northern member states has been widening since the early 2000s. The EU is growing, but Europeans are not "growing united". Why? Growing United argues that technological change, by revolutionizing product and labor markets, is slowing down the old convergence machine: technology offers ever richer opportunities for well-skilled workers and frontier firms, while low-skilled workers and less productive firms risk falling behind. As a result, countries that provide less opportunities for people to build relevant skills and a less supportive environment for firms to thrive are losing ground. This calls for an upgrade to Europe's convergence machine, to seize the benefits of technological change for all Europeans. Growing United argues that the convergence machine, version 2.0, should focus on the convergence of opportunities for people and firms across the Union. It should support the capabilities of people (skills) and firms (innovation), and provide a level-playing field for people and firms through "flexicure" labor markets and an enabling business environment.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/250311520359538450/Growing-united-upgrading-Europes-convergence-machine
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/29448
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/29448
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectDIVERGENCE
dc.subjectLABOR SKILLS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectINNOVATION
dc.subjectINCOME DIVIDE
dc.subjectPOVERTY
dc.subjectEDUCATION POLICY
dc.subjectLABOR POLICY
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
dc.titleGrowing Uniteden
dc.title.subtitleUpgrading Europe's Convergence Machineen
dc.typeReporten
dc.typeRapportfr
dc.typeInformees
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleGrowing United
okr.date.disclosure2018-03-08
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Other Social Protection Study
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/250311520359538450/Growing-united-upgrading-Europes-convergence-machine
okr.guid852701520358672738
okr.guid250311520359538450
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/29448
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum090224b085fe2732_4_0
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum29696188
okr.identifier.report123956
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/250311520359538450/pdf/123956-WP-v2-March-8-GrowingUnitedvonline.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.geographicalEastern Europe
okr.region.geographicalEurope
okr.region.geographicalEuropean Union
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Inequality
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Living Standards
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Poverty Reduction Strategies
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Pro-Poor Growth
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Employment and Unemployment
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Markets
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Skills Development and Labor Force Training
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Social Protections & Assistance
okr.unitSocial Protection & Labor ECA (GSP03)
relation.isAuthorOfPublication450583d4-be8a-5a78-8671-3b8a4dd74a98
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery450583d4-be8a-5a78-8671-3b8a4dd74a98
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