Publication: Global Monitoring Report 2005 : Millennium Development Goals— From Consensus to Momentum
Loading...
Date
2005
ISSN
Published
2005
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Monterrey Consensus have created a powerful global compact for development. But the continued credibility of this compact hinges on fostering momentum in its implementation. With the five-year stocktaking of the implementation of the Millennium Declaration focusing increased global attention on development, 2005 is a crucial year to build momentum. The MDGs set clear targets for eradicating poverty and related human deprivations, and for promoting sustainable development. The Monterrey Consensus created a framework of mutual accountability between developing, and developed countries in the quest for these goals, calling on developing countries to improve their policies and governance, and, developed countries to open their markets and provide more and better aid. With consensus on the goals and responsibilities for action, the focus was on implementation. As reviewed in this report, both groups of countries have made progress on needed policies and actions, including in the past year. But progress has been uneven and slower than envisaged. The pace must pick up if the vision of the Millennium Declaration is to be realized-hence the title of this report. Based on its analysis, the report proposes a five-point agenda to accelerate progress toward the development goals. Within its global coverage, this year's Global Monitoring Report has a special focus on Sub-Saharan Africa-the region that is farthest from the development goals and faces the toughest challenges in accelerating progress. But much of the analysis of Sub-Saharan countries is relevant to similar countries in other regions.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank; International Monetary Fund. 2005. Global Monitoring Report 2005 : Millennium Development Goals— From Consensus to Momentum. Global Monitoring Report. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7325 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Growth, Distribution, and Poverty in Africa : Messages from the 1990s(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002)This book synthesizes, and elaborates on the results of a series of country studies, completed under the Poverty Dynamics in Africa Initiative, organized by the Africa Region of the Bank. These studies made use of vastly improved household survey data, which have enhanced understanding of African poverty dynamics during the past decade. The book examines the main factors behind observed poverty changes in eight countries - Ethiopia, Ghana, Madagascar, Mauritania, Nigeria, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. After reviewing the trends in income poverty and other, more direct measures of well-being (such as education, health, and nutrition), the authors go beyond the aggregate numbers, and highlight the insights to be gained from unraveling the microeconomic data. These data reveal systematic distributional effects, linking growth and poverty, which lead to some groups' gaining from episodes of economic growth, and others being left behind. It further describes those groups left behind, and calls for public action to ensure that all poor Africans gain from future economic growth.Publication Growth, Distribution, and Poverty in Africa : Messages from the 1990s(World Bank, Washington, D.C., 2002-03)Christiaensen, Demery, and Paternostro review recent evidence on the trends in household well-being in Africa during the 1990s. They draw on the findings of a series of studies on poverty dynamics that use the better data sets now available. The authors begin by taking a broad view of poverty, tracing changes in both income poverty and in other more direct measures of individual welfare. Experiences have been varied: several countries have seen a sharp decline in poverty, while some have witnessed a marked increase. Yet, in the aggregate, economic growth has been pro-poor. Nonetheless, the aggregate numbers also hide significant and systematic distributional effects which have caused some groups to be left behind. The authors draw four key conclusions: Economic policy reforms (improving macroeconomic balances and liberalizing markets) have been conducive to reducing poverty. Market connectedness is key for the poor to benefit from new opportunities generated by economic growth. Some population groups and regions, by virtue of their sheer remoteness, have been left behind when growth picks up. Education and access to land further condition the extent to which households can benefit from economic opportunities and escape poverty. Finally, rainfall variations and ill health are found to have profound effects on poverty outcomes in Africa underscoring the significance of social protection in a poverty reduction strategy.Publication Republic of Yemen : Poverty Update, Volume 1. Main Report(Washington, DC, 2002-12-11)Based on the analysis of the household budget survey, the report identifies a nationally widespread poverty, pervasive in rural areas, concentrated in four governorates. The factors that affect the risk of being poor in Yemen are lack of education, large households that include several children, geographical location that prevents access to income generation, and, lack of worker remittances from abroad. In addition, while public expenditures in social sectors (education and health), are mildly pro-poor, they do not address the magnitude of rural-urban, and gender gaps, and, by and large, social programs are urban biased, mostly benefiting the better-off. Incidentally, the benefit-incidence analysis of the safety nets, show that coverage is extremely limited, and that short-term downturns, and poverty vulnerabilities fail to be addressed. Most importantly, the report outlines that although programs under the second phase of the Social Development Fund are pro-poor, the inter-governorate distribution of both the Public Work Programs, and the Social Welfare Fund allocations, show no signs of pro-poor targeting. It is suggested to pursue structural, and institutional reforms, so as to introduce changes in the governance structure, that would ensure a pro-poor pattern of growth, one that would not widen the gap between the poor in urban vs. rural areas. Moreover, public investments in the social sectors should be improved, and public expenditures for those sectors increased.Publication Honduras : Poverty Diagnostic 2000(Washington, DC, 2001-06-29)This report uses household surveys to provide a diagnostic of poverty, human development, and access to basic infrastructure. The report is based on analytical work conducted by a team comprising staff from the World Bank, Honduras' "Programa de Asignacion Familiar (PRAF), and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). The objective of the present report is limited. It provides a diagnostic of the state of poverty and other indicators of well-being instead of suggesting an overall poverty reduction strategy or providing detailed policy reform options. It is intended as an imput for the Government's Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) within the context of the country's participation in the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative for debt relief. Some key findings are: There is uncertainty as to the change in poverty because different assumptions used for poverty measurement have lead to different conclusions as to the trend in poverty in the 1990s. The probability of being poor increases with the number of babies and children, the fact of being from an indigenous population, and the fact of having a household head unemployed, underemployed, and/or female. Poverty decreases with education and employment in non-agricultural occupations. Geography and programs for rural productivity also reduce poverty. Progress is suggested by the Human Development Index and the fact that the share of all households nationally with no unmet needs increased.Publication Bolivia : Poverty Diagnostic 2000(Washington, DC, 2002-06-28)The report presents a diagnostic of poverty, human development, and access to social infrastructure in Bolivia, based on analytical work, to serve as an input for the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). Findings suggest that poverty affects half of the population in large cities, two thirds in other urban areas, and eighty percent in rural areas. Nonetheless, there is seemingly a recent decrease in inequality, although this does not imply a long-term trend. The complex determinants of poverty, are also increased by the fact of being from an indigenous population, and of having a household head unemployed, underemployed, and/or female. Since poverty decreases with education, and employment in non-agricultural occupations, and geography affects poverty, migration becomes a poverty-reducing tool. A qualitative study of farmers in the Altiplano suggest decreased rural productivity, intensified by climatic, demographic, and environmental pressures, with little gain from most development projects. Hence, progress in non-monetary indicators show that while unsatisfied basic needs fell significantly from 1976 to 2001, the gains were mainly achieved in urban areas, and needs remain large in rural areas. It is suggested that this progress in basic needs measures, lies in the increased social spending, but the scope for reducing monetary poverty, lies in the accessibility to public infrastructure services, in reducing violence, and gender issues. But the impact of growth needs further understanding, with improvements in productivity and competitiveness, enlarged by improvements in education, health, and nutrition, where the poor may benefit more than the non-poor from the expansion of these services.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Impact Evaluation in Practice, Second Edition(Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank and World Bank, 2016-09-13)The second edition of the Impact Evaluation in Practice handbook is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to impact evaluation for policy makers and development practitioners. First published in 2011, it has been used widely across the development and academic communities. The book incorporates real-world examples to present practical guidelines for designing and implementing impact evaluations. Readers will gain an understanding of impact evaluations and the best ways to use them to design evidence-based policies and programs. The updated version covers the newest techniques for evaluating programs and includes state-of-the-art implementation advice, as well as an expanded set of examples and case studies that draw on recent development challenges. It also includes new material on research ethics and partnerships to conduct impact evaluation. The handbook is divided into four sections: Part One discusses what to evaluate and why; Part Two presents the main impact evaluation methods; Part Three addresses how to manage impact evaluations; Part Four reviews impact evaluation sampling and data collection. Case studies illustrate different applications of impact evaluations. The book links to complementary instructional material available online, including an applied case as well as questions and answers. The updated second edition will be a valuable resource for the international development community, universities, and policy makers looking to build better evidence around what works in development.Publication Empowerment in Practice : From Analysis to Implementation(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006)This book represents an effort to present an easily accessible framework to readers, especially those for whom empowerment remains a puzzling development concern, conceptually and in application. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 explains how the empowerment framework can be used for understanding, measuring, monitoring, and operationalizing empowerment policy and practice. Part 2 presents summaries of each of the five country studies, using them to discuss how the empowerment framework can be applied in very different country and sector contexts and what lessons can be learned from these test cases. While this book can offer only a limited empirical basis for the positive association between empowerment and development outcomes, it does add to the body of work supporting the existence of such a relationship. Perhaps more importantly, it also provides a framework for future research to test the association and to prioritize practical interventions seeking to empower individuals and groups.Publication Digital Progress and Trends Report 2023(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-03-05)Digitalization is the transformational opportunity of our time. The digital sector has become a powerhouse of innovation, economic growth, and job creation. Value added in the IT services sector grew at 8 percent annually during 2000–22, nearly twice as fast as the global economy. Employment growth in IT services reached 7 percent annually, six times higher than total employment growth. The diffusion and adoption of digital technologies are just as critical as their invention. Digital uptake has accelerated since the COVID-19 pandemic, with 1.5 billion new internet users added from 2018 to 2022. The share of firms investing in digital solutions around the world has more than doubled from 2020 to 2022. Low-income countries, vulnerable populations, and small firms, however, have been falling behind, while transformative digital innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI) have been accelerating in higher-income countries. Although more than 90 percent of the population in high-income countries was online in 2022, only one in four people in low-income countries used the internet, and the speed of their connection was typically only a small fraction of that in wealthier countries. As businesses in technologically advanced countries integrate generative AI into their products and services, less than half of the businesses in many low- and middle-income countries have an internet connection. The growing digital divide is exacerbating the poverty and productivity gaps between richer and poorer economies. The Digital Progress and Trends Report series will track global digitalization progress and highlight policy trends, debates, and implications for low- and middle-income countries. The series adds to the global efforts to study the progress and trends of digitalization in two main ways: · By compiling, curating, and analyzing data from diverse sources to present a comprehensive picture of digitalization in low- and middle-income countries, including in-depth analyses on understudied topics. · By developing insights on policy opportunities, challenges, and debates and reflecting the perspectives of various stakeholders and the World Bank’s operational experiences. This report, the first in the series, aims to inform evidence-based policy making and motivate action among internal and external audiences and stakeholders. The report will bring global attention to high-performing countries that have valuable experience to share as well as to areas where efforts will need to be redoubled.Publication Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises : A Toolkit(Washington, DC, 2014-10-04)This Toolkit provides an overall framework with practical tools and information to help policymakers design and implement corporate governance reforms for state-owned enterprises. It covers the key elements of corporate governance, including legal and regulatory framework, state ownership arrangements, performance management systems, financial and fiscal discipline, boards of directors, transparency and disclosure, and protection of shareholders in mixed ownership companies. Experience shows that no one approach is universally applicable and the choice of measures depends on country and enterprise circumstances. The Toolkit thus provides a range of frameworks, concepts, case examples, checklists, and model documents that together aim to help government officials make the appropriate choices for their circumstances. The Toolkit concludes with guidance on managing the reform process, in particular how to prioritize and sequence reforms, build capacity, and engage with stakeholders.Publication World Development Report 2004(World Bank, 2003)Too often, services fail poor people in access, in quality, and in affordability. But the fact that there are striking examples where basic services such as water, sanitation, health, education, and electricity do work for poor people means that governments and citizens can do a better job of providing them. Learning from success and understanding the sources of failure, this year’s World Development Report, argues that services can be improved by putting poor people at the center of service provision. How? By enabling the poor to monitor and discipline service providers, by amplifying their voice in policymaking, and by strengthening the incentives for providers to serve the poor. Freedom from illness and freedom from illiteracy are two of the most important ways poor people can escape from poverty. To achieve these goals, economic growth and financial resources are of course necessary, but they are not enough. The World Development Report provides a practical framework for making the services that contribute to human development work for poor people. With this framework, citizens, governments, and donors can take action and accelerate progress toward the common objective of poverty reduction, as specified in the Millennium Development Goals.