Publication: Forced Displacement, Gender, and Livelihoods: Refugees in Ethiopia
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Date
2025-01-15
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1743-9140
Published
2025-01-15
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This study uses the Ethiopia Skills Profile Survey (2017) to examine the gender differences in livelihood opportunities and activities between refugees and host communities. The results show a significant gender gap in participation in the labour market where refugee and host women are less likely to have employment, and that household characteristics influence women’s economic opportunities. While having a female household head, access to agricultural land, and additional female adults increase both refugee and host female’s participation in economic activities, higher numbers of children in the household significantly reduce refugee women’s opportunities. In addition, higher educational attainment boosts both male and female refugees’ participation in wage employment. Among refugees, both female and male Somali refugees have relatively better access to employment opportunities compared to other refugee groups, especially refugees from South Sudan and Sudan.
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Publication Forced Displacement, Gender, and Livelihoods(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-11)This study uses the Ethiopia Skills Profile Survey (2017) to examine the gender differences in livelihood opportunities and activities between refugees and host communities. The results show that refugees are significantly less likely to be in employment, and that household characteristics influence women’s economic opportunities. While having a female household head, access to agricultural land, and the number of female adults increased female participation in economic activities, conversely, higher numbers of children in the household significantly reduce women’s opportunities. Higher education attainment boosts both male and female refugees’ participation in wage employment. 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The discussion of refugee crises in Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda draws some lessons. The decision to return is discussed and it is argued that the decision depends on the socioeconomic condition in the host country versus the country of refuge, integration versus return policies in place, the individual set of skills of each refugee, and his or her subjective perception of the political climate in both countries.
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