Publication:
Middle East and North Africa Economic Developments and Prospects, 2008 : Regional Integration for Global Competitiveness

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2013-03-26T19:02:15Z
dc.date.available2013-03-26T19:02:15Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.description.abstractDuring 2007 the Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA) experienced average growth of 5.7 percent. This was the fifth year in a row in which the region grew at a rate higher than 5 percent, exceeding levels reached in the 1990s and early 2000s. This performance occurred in the context of an external environment marked by three major developments: a continued rise in the price of hydrocarbons, turbulence in international financial markets following the sharp drop in market valuations of U.S. mortgage- backed securities, and a sharp rise in the price of non- oil commodities, especially foodstuffs. These developments have affected the various MENA economies in different ways. On average, however, the region has done well, with respectable growth and comfortable external and fiscal balances. Similar performance, that is, average growth of about 5.6 percent, is expected over the next three years. Oil prices are expected to remain buoyant, leading to high levels of investment and remittance flows within the region. Food prices are also expected to remain high. Because most countries in the region subsidize food and energy, high food prices will lead to fiscal pressures for many governments. But such pressures are not expected to choke off economic growth. Global financial turbulence and a likely slowdown of growth in the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD) countries are expected to be offset by continued robust spending among oilexporting countries and vibrant expansion in China and India.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/16355668/middle-east-north-africa-region-2008-economic-developments-prospects-regional-integration-global-competitiveness
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/12949
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/12949
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAVERAGE OIL PRICE
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subjectBALANCE OF TRADE
dc.subjectBANKING SECTOR
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEM
dc.subjectBILATERAL TRADE
dc.subjectBILL
dc.subjectBONDS
dc.subjectBUDGET DEFICIT
dc.subjectBUSINESS CLIMATE
dc.subjectCAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKET
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKET INTEGRATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL OUTFLOWS
dc.subjectCOMMODITY MARKET
dc.subjectCOMMODITY MARKETS
dc.subjectCOMMON MARKET
dc.subjectCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INFLATION
dc.subjectCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE
dc.subjectCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER
dc.subjectCPI
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCURRENCY REGIME
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCES
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT POSITIONS
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUS
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEFICITS
dc.subjectDEMAND GROWTH
dc.subjectDEPRECIATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIRECT FOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectDIVIDENDS
dc.subjectDOLLAR PEG
dc.subjectDOMESTIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectDOMESTIC DEMAND
dc.subjectDOMESTIC ECONOMY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subjectDRAG ON GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectEFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKETS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
dc.subjectEQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectEQUITY MARKETS
dc.subjectEURO EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE APPRECIATION
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectEXPORT COMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORT REVENUES
dc.subjectEXPORT VOLUME
dc.subjectEXPORT VOLUMES
dc.subjectEXPOSURE
dc.subjectEXTERNAL BALANCE
dc.subjectEXTERNAL BALANCES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL POSITIONS
dc.subjectFACTOR MARKETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectFISCAL BALANCE
dc.subjectFISCAL BALANCES
dc.subjectFISCAL DEFICIT
dc.subjectFIXED INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN RESERVES
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectFREE TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectFUTURE GROWTH
dc.subjectGLOBAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectGOLD
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHARD CURRENCIES
dc.subjectHIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectIMBALANCES
dc.subjectIMPORT
dc.subjectIMPORT DEMAND
dc.subjectIMPORT PROTECTION
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COUNTRY
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINFLATION PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL EMERGING MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL RESERVES
dc.subjectINVESTMENT OUTLAYS
dc.subjectINVESTOR CONFIDENCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE GROWTH
dc.subjectLEVELS OF IMPORT
dc.subjectLEVELS OF INVESTMENT
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectLIQUIDITY
dc.subjectLIQUIDITY CONDITIONS
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subjectMARKET CAPITALIZATION
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET POWER
dc.subjectMARKET PRESSURES
dc.subjectMARKET VALUATIONS
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMORTGAGE
dc.subjectMORTGAGE-BACKED SECURITIES
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectOIL COMMODITIES
dc.subjectOIL COMMODITY
dc.subjectOIL COMMODITY PRICES
dc.subjectOIL DEMAND
dc.subjectOIL EXPORT
dc.subjectOIL EXPORTERS
dc.subjectOIL EXPORTS
dc.subjectOIL MARKET
dc.subjectOIL PRICE
dc.subjectOIL PRICES
dc.subjectOIL REVENUES
dc.subjectOIL SUPPLY
dc.subjectOIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectOPEC
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectOUTTURNS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO
dc.subjectPORTFOLIO FLOWS
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE INDEX
dc.subjectPRICE OF OIL
dc.subjectPRIVATE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectQUOTAS
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectREAL EFFECTIVE EXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectREAL ESTATE
dc.subjectREGIONAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT
dc.subjectREGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
dc.subjectREGIONALISM
dc.subjectREGULATORS
dc.subjectREGULATORY REFORM
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICE
dc.subjectREMITTANCE
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectSECTOR REFORMS
dc.subjectSECURITIES
dc.subjectSHORTFALL
dc.subjectSHORTFALLS
dc.subjectSLOWDOWN
dc.subjectSTOCK MARKET
dc.subjectSTOCK MARKETS
dc.subjectSTRONG DEMAND
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL REFORM
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL REFORMS
dc.subjectSUPPLY SIDE
dc.subjectSURPLUS
dc.subjectSURPLUSES
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE GROWTH
dc.subjectTARIFF REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectTERMS OF TRADE
dc.subjectTOTAL EXPORTS
dc.subjectTOTAL IMPORTS
dc.subjectTRADE ASSOCIATION
dc.subjectTRADE BALANCE
dc.subjectTRADE BALANCES
dc.subjectTRADE DEFICIT
dc.subjectTRADE INTEGRATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE RESTRICTIVENESS
dc.subjectTRADE SURPLUS
dc.subjectTRANSPORTATION COSTS
dc.subjectTREASURY
dc.subjectUNCERTAINTIES
dc.subjectUNCERTAINTY
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectVALUE INDEX
dc.subjectWORLD DEMAND
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.titleMiddle East and North Africa Economic Developments and Prospects, 2008 : Regional Integration for Global Competitivenessen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2012-06-11
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T11:54:54.362791Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Economic Updates and Modeling
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/01/16355668/middle-east-north-africa-region-2008-economic-developments-prospects-regional-integration-global-competitiveness
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid426561468275121361
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000386194_20120611033023
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum16355668
okr.identifier.report45074
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000386194_20120611033023/Rendered/PDF/450740WP0REPLA0s0and0prospects02008.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeMiddle East and North Africa
okr.region.geographicalNorth Africa
okr.region.geographicalMiddle East
okr.sectorPublic Administration, Law, and Justice :: General public administration sector
okr.themeEconomic management :: Macroeconomic management
okr.themeEconomic management :: Analysis of economic growth
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Debt Markets
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Currencies and Exchange Rates
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth
okr.topicEnvironment
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