Publication:
Battles Half Won: The Political Economy of India's Growth and Economic Policy since Independence

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dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Sadiq
dc.contributor.authorVarshney, Ashutosh
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-28T21:12:30Z
dc.date.available2017-08-28T21:12:30Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.description.abstractRapid growth since 1980 has transformed India from the world's 50th ranked economy in nominal U.S. dollars to the 10th largest in 2005. The growth of per capita income has helped reduce poverty. At the same time, evidence suggests that income inequality is rising and that the gap in average per capita income between the rich and poor states is growing. This paper reviews India's long term growth experience with a view to understanding the determinants of growth and the underlying political economy. The paper looks specifically at the political economy of India's growth transformation from a low-growth environment (pre-1980s) to a rapid-growth environment (post 1980s) and asks how sustainable is this transformation in view of concerns about regional disparity and income inequality. The paper concludes that the pledge that India's post-independence leadership had undertaken to abolish mass poverty remains only partially redeemed. Half the battle still lies ahead. Many more would like the fruits of the economic boom to come to them. The greatest challenge for India's policy makers today is to balance the growth momentum with inclusionary policies.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/891731468330971811/Battles-half-won-the-political-economy-of-Indias-growth-and-economic-policy-since-independence
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/28048
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/28048
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesCommission on Growth and Development Working Paper;No. 15
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectABSOLUTE TERMS
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectADVERSE EFFECTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH RATE
dc.subjectAVERAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectAVERAGE LEVEL
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS CRISIS
dc.subjectBARGAINING
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectBENEFICIARIES
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectCASUAL WORKERS
dc.subjectCENTRAL PLANNING
dc.subjectCOMMAND ECONOMY
dc.subjectCORPORATE TAX RATES
dc.subjectCOUNTRY CASE
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCURRENCY DEVALUATION
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEBT SERVICE
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEREGULATION
dc.subjectDEVALUATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING WORLD
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT PRACTITIONERS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
dc.subjectDIMINISHING RETURNS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC DEBT
dc.subjectDOWNSIDE RISKS
dc.subjectECONOMIC BOOM
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EXPANSION
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC HISTORY
dc.subjectECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC OBJECTIVES
dc.subjectECONOMIC OUTCOMES
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC REALM
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORM
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subjectECONOMIC SECTORS
dc.subjectECONOMIC THEORIES
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectECONOMICS PROFESSION
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectEQUAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectEQUITY ISSUES
dc.subjectEXCHANGE CONTROLS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL DEBT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFISCAL DEFICITS
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICIES
dc.subjectFISCAL POLICY
dc.subjectFOREIGN CAPITAL
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGNP
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BUDGET
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT FINANCES
dc.subjectGROWTH IMPACT
dc.subjectGROWTH PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectGROWTH PROCESS
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHOLDING
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectINCOME INEQUALITY
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL POLICY
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY DATA
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINFLATION RATE
dc.subjectINSTRUMENT
dc.subjectINTEREST BURDEN
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL INVESTORS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectINVESTING
dc.subjectINVESTMENT RATE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT RATES
dc.subjectINVESTMENT REGIMES
dc.subjectINVESTMENT REGULATIONS
dc.subjectJOB CREATION
dc.subjectLABOR ABSORPTION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR LAWS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET FLEXIBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET POLICIES
dc.subjectLABOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOR UNIONS
dc.subjectLAND REFORMS
dc.subjectLAYOFFS
dc.subjectLESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLONG-TERM GROWTH
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME ECONOMY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC CRISIS
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMARKET REFORMS
dc.subjectMONETARY POLICY
dc.subjectNATIONAL SAVING
dc.subjectNATIONAL SAVINGS
dc.subjectNDP
dc.subjectNET DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPAYMENTS CRISIS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER-CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPOLICY CHANGE
dc.subjectPOLICY CIRCLES
dc.subjectPOLICY IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY PROCESS
dc.subjectPOLICY STANCE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ARENA
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMIES
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PROCESS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subjectPOOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOWER PARITY
dc.subjectPRICE CONTROLS
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRO-POOR
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPROFIT MOTIVE
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPUBLIC GOOD
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC SPENDING
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectRAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectRATE OF GROWTH
dc.subjectREAL WAGES
dc.subjectREFORM PROGRAM
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectRESERVE
dc.subjectRESERVE BANK
dc.subjectRESERVES
dc.subjectRETURN
dc.subjectRURAL POVERTY
dc.subjectSAVING RATE
dc.subjectSAVINGS RATE
dc.subjectSECONDARY ENROLLMENT
dc.subjectSECTORAL COMPOSITION
dc.subjectSHAREHOLDERS
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSTOCK MARKET
dc.subjectSTOCK MARKETS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX COLLECTIONS
dc.subjectTAX CONCESSION
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE REGIMES
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectUNDERESTIMATES
dc.subjectUNEQUAL SOCIETY
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN POVERTY
dc.subjectURBAN WORKERS
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWAGE INCREASES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWITHDRAWAL
dc.subjectWORK FORCE
dc.titleBattles Half Wonen
dc.title.subtitleThe Political Economy of India's Growth and Economic Policy since Independenceen
dc.typeWorking Paperen
dc.typeDocument de travailfr
dc.typeDocumento de trabajoes
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2010-11-24
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-15T11:07:34.391136Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/891731468330971811/Battles-half-won-the-political-economy-of-Indias-growth-and-economic-policy-since-independence
okr.guid891731468330971811
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000356161_20101126031145
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum13162986
okr.identifier.report57715
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/891731468330971811/pdf/577150NWP0Box353766B01PUBLIC10gcwp015web.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryIndia
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Theory & Research
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor::Labor Policies
okr.topicEducation::Education For All
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Development
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Political Economy
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
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