Publication:
Cleaning Pakistan's Air : Policy Options to Address the Cost of Outdoor Air Pollution

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorNakagawa, Akiko
dc.contributor.authorSanchez-Triana, Ernesto
dc.contributor.authorKhan, Asif Shuja
dc.contributor.authorEnriquez, Santiago
dc.contributor.authorAfzal, Javaid
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-14T16:51:49Z
dc.date.available2014-07-14T16:51:49Z
dc.date.issued2014-06-26
dc.description.abstractPakistan's urban air pollution is among the most severe in the world and it engenders significant damages to human health and the economy. Air pollution, inadequate water supply, sanitation, and hygiene are the top environmental priority problems in Pakistan. Industrialization and urbanization, in conjunction with motorization, can result in further deterioration of urban air quality. This book examines policy options to strengthen the Pakistan clean air program (PCAP) to better address the cost imposed by outdoor air pollution upon Pakistan's economy and populace. The approach provided in this book recommends that the federal and provincial environmental protection agencies (EPAs) take on a limited number of high return, essential, and feasible interventions drawn largely from the PCAP. The objective of this book is to examine policy options to control outdoor air pollution in Pakistan. The findings of the analysis aim at assisting the Government of Pakistan (GoP) in the design and implementation of reforms to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of Pakistan's ambient air quality institutions. The overarching theme of this book is that prioritizing interventions is essential to address the cost of outdoor air pollution, given current resource limitations. The book also includes a review of secondary sources, focusing on recent analysis of the effects of different air pollutants on human health, as well as lessons learned from ongoing regional and international efforts to improve ambient air quality. This book has seven chapters. Chapter one gives overview. Chapter two identifies major trends in ambient air pollution, including concentration levels of main pollutants and the identification of principal sources. Chapter three examines the evolution of Pakistan's air quality management (AQM) framework over the period 1993 to 2013. Chapter four examines options to control air pollution from mobile sources, the main contributors of several air pollutants, including noxious fine particulate matter (PM) and its precursors. Chapter five addresses measures to tackle pollution from industrial sources. Chapter six identifies synergies of interventions for air pollution control and climate change mitigation. Chapter seven summarizes the main conclusions of the book.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19771566/cleaning-pakistans-air-policy-options-address-cost-outdoor-air-pollution
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-1-4648-0235-5
dc.identifier.isbn978-1-4648-0235-5
dc.identifier.other10.1596/978-1-4648-0235-5
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/18887
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesDirections in Development--Energy and Mining;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH
dc.subjectAEROSOLS
dc.subjectAFFORESTATION
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTANT
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTANTS
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY STANDARDS
dc.subjectAMBIENT AIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS
dc.subjectANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectBICYCLES
dc.subjectBIKE PATHS
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectBIOMASS BURNING
dc.subjectBOILERS
dc.subjectBUS
dc.subjectBUSES
dc.subjectCADMIUM
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON INTENSITY
dc.subjectCARBON MARKETS
dc.subjectCARBON MONOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON SEQUESTRATION
dc.subjectCARBON SINKS
dc.subjectCARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS
dc.subjectCARS
dc.subjectCATALYSTS
dc.subjectCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectCHEMICALS
dc.subjectCLEAN AIR
dc.subjectCLEANER FUELS
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCLOUDS
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOLORS
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION
dc.subjectCONCENTRATIONS OF POLLUTANTS
dc.subjectCONGESTION ON ROADS
dc.subjectCOST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCRUDE OIL
dc.subjectDESERTS
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIESEL BUSES
dc.subjectDIESEL CARS
dc.subjectDIESEL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectDIESEL ENGINES
dc.subjectDIESEL FUEL
dc.subjectDIESEL VEHICLES
dc.subjectDRINKING WATER
dc.subjectDROUGHT
dc.subjectDUST
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRICITY GENERATION
dc.subjectEMISSION CONTROL
dc.subjectEMISSION RATES
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSION STANDARDS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM INDUSTRY
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM LAND USE
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM ROAD
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM ROAD VEHICLES
dc.subjectEMISSIONS INTENSITY
dc.subjectEMISSIONS STANDARDS
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENFORCEMENT OF REGULATIONS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS
dc.subjectFATAL INJURIES
dc.subjectFATALITIES
dc.subjectFLOODS
dc.subjectFOG
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL OIL
dc.subjectFUEL PRICES
dc.subjectFUEL SAVINGS
dc.subjectFUEL SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectFUEL SUPPLY
dc.subjectFUEL SWITCHING
dc.subjectFUEL TAXES
dc.subjectFUEL TYPE
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectFUGITIVE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectGAS CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectGAS PRICES
dc.subjectGASEOUS POLLUTANTS
dc.subjectGASOLINE
dc.subjectGASOLINE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectGASOLINE VEHICLES
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subjectHIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE
dc.subjectHIGH SPEEDS
dc.subjectHIGHWAYS
dc.subjectHYDROCARBONS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectINJURY
dc.subjectINSPECTION
dc.subjectIRON
dc.subjectLAND USE
dc.subjectLIQUID PETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectLOCAL AIR POLLUTANTS
dc.subjectLOCAL AIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectLOCAL AIR QUALITY
dc.subjectMANGANESE
dc.subjectMASS TRANSIT
dc.subjectMASS TRANSPORTATION
dc.subjectMETHANE
dc.subjectMIXING HEIGHT
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLE
dc.subjectMOTOR VEHICLES
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNEGATIVE IMPACTS
dc.subjectNITRATES
dc.subjectNITRIC OXIDE
dc.subjectNITROGEN
dc.subjectNITROGEN DIOXIDE
dc.subjectNITROGEN OXIDE
dc.subjectNITROGEN OXIDES
dc.subjectNITROUS OXIDE
dc.subjectNITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectNO2
dc.subjectNOISE
dc.subjectNOX
dc.subjectO3
dc.subjectORGANIC MATTER
dc.subjectOZONE
dc.subjectPARTICULATE
dc.subjectPARTICULATE MATTER
dc.subjectPARTICULATES
dc.subjectPASSENGER VEHICLES
dc.subjectPEDESTRIAN
dc.subjectPEDESTRIAN ZONES
dc.subjectPETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectPM10
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION CHARGE
dc.subjectPOLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION CONTROL
dc.subjectPOLLUTION EXPOSURE
dc.subjectPOLLUTION LEVELS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION PROBLEMS
dc.subjectPOLLUTION REDUCTION
dc.subjectPOPULATION DENSITY
dc.subjectPOTASSIUM
dc.subjectPOWER PLANTS
dc.subjectPOWER SUPPLY
dc.subjectPRICE DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectPROPANE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLES
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectRAILWAYS
dc.subjectRAINFALL
dc.subjectRAPID TRANSIT
dc.subjectREDUCTIONS IN CONGESTION
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRETROFITTING
dc.subjectRISK MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectROAD
dc.subjectROAD ACCIDENTS
dc.subjectROAD SECTOR
dc.subjectROAD TRAFFIC
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectROAD VEHICLES
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectSO2
dc.subjectSOIL CARBON
dc.subjectSOX
dc.subjectSTATIONARY SOURCES
dc.subjectSTORMS
dc.subjectSTREET CLEANING
dc.subjectSULFATE
dc.subjectSULFATE PARTICLES
dc.subjectSULFATES
dc.subjectSULFUR
dc.subjectSULFUR DIOXIDE
dc.subjectSULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectSULFUR OXIDES
dc.subjectSUSPENDED PARTICLES
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTIRES
dc.subjectTOXIC METALS
dc.subjectTRACE ELEMENTS
dc.subjectTRADABLE PERMITS
dc.subjectTRAFFIC
dc.subjectTRAFFIC CONTROL
dc.subjectTRAFFIC FLOW
dc.subjectTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectTRAFFIC POLLUTION
dc.subjectTRAFFIC SIGNALS
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectTRANSPORT POLICIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectTRUCKS
dc.subjectUNDERGROUND
dc.subjectUNEP
dc.subjectUPPER ATMOSPHERE
dc.subjectURBAN AIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectVEHICLE EMISSION
dc.subjectVEHICLE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectVEHICLE LANES
dc.subjectVEHICLE USAGE
dc.subjectVEHICLE USE
dc.subjectVOC
dc.subjectVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
dc.subjectWEATHER CONDITIONS
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectWIND SPEED
dc.subjectZINC
dc.titleCleaning Pakistan's Air : Policy Options to Address the Cost of Outdoor Air Pollutionen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaClimate Change
okr.date.disclosure2014-07-09
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/06/19771566/cleaning-pakistans-air-policy-options-address-cost-outdoor-air-pollution
okr.externalurlhttp://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/Cleaning%20Pakistan%E2%80%99s%20Air.pdf
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.guid701891468285328404
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-1-4648-0235-5
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000442464_20140709123335
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum19771566
okr.identifier.report89065
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/07/09/000442464_20140709123335/Rendered/PDF/890650PUB0Clea00Box385269B00PUBLIC0.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryPakistan
okr.topicAir Quality and Clean Air
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicTransport Economics Policy and Planning
okr.topicEnergy::Energy Production and Transportation
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitEnvir & Nat. Res. - GP (GENDR)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb5ef5071-b10b-5fe6-a8e1-c2f76a7c4a1b
relation.isAuthorOfPublication34e3c0f4-8b4c-57b3-92b9-fcfbc1bc2bb2
relation.isAuthorOfPublication621dc7b1-633e-539e-b620-c7599170900d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb5ef5071-b10b-5fe6-a8e1-c2f76a7c4a1b
relation.isSeriesOfPublication706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
890650PUB0Clea00Box385269B00PUBLIC0.pdf
Size:
5.4 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
890650PUB0Clea00Box385269B00PUBLIC0.txt
Size:
754.88 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Description:
Download
Collections
Directions in Development