Publication:
Gender in Bolivian Production : Reducing Differences in Formality and Productivity of Firms

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T10:04:24Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T10:04:24Z
dc.date.issued2009-07-01
dc.description.abstractA main goal of this study is to determine the variables responsible for the lower formality of women-owned businesses. The companion study (the World Bank 2007a) shows that Bolivia's informal sector is the largest in Latin America by many definitions and measures. It also provides a rationale for promoting formality given the many negative effects of a high rate of informality. These negative effects include a lower growth potential as informal firms tend to be less productive owing to limited access to physical, financial, and human capital, and a smaller scale of operations; negative fiscal impacts as informal firms "free ride" on services provided with fiscal resources; and negative social externalities, including weaker rule of law and public institutions, increased corruption, and weakened ability to enforce contracts. A second goal of this study is to identify gender-based productivity constraints that hinder the growth of female-owned businesses. First, author's analysis of the impact of formality on profitability shows that the gains of formalization for most female-owned businesses increase as the firms grow. Second, author's find that the smaller scale of operation of female-owned firms is one of the main causes of gender-based differences in productivity and profitability. However, most of the differences between male and female-owned firms diminish or disappear as firms grow.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20090827043440
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-8014-7
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-8014-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/2669
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Country Study
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACCESS TO CAPITAL
dc.subjectACCESS TO CREDIT
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectACCESS TO LOANS
dc.subjectAGE OF RETIREMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectBANK CREDIT
dc.subjectBANK LOAN
dc.subjectBANK LOANS
dc.subjectBANKS
dc.subjectBENEFICIARIES
dc.subjectBORROWING
dc.subjectBRIBES
dc.subjectBUSINESS ACTIVITY
dc.subjectBUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
dc.subjectBUSINESS LOANS
dc.subjectBUSINESS OWNER
dc.subjectBUSINESS OWNERS
dc.subjectBUSINESS PLANS
dc.subjectCALCULATION
dc.subjectCALCULATIONS
dc.subjectCAPACITY OF WOMEN
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCARE FOR CHILDREN
dc.subjectCHILD CARE
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOST OF CREDIT
dc.subjectCREDIT ASSOCIATIONS
dc.subjectCREDIT INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectCREDIT PROGRAMS
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCUSTOM
dc.subjectCUSTOMER BASE
dc.subjectCYCLE OF POVERTY
dc.subjectDAY-CARE
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT BANK
dc.subjectDISABILITY
dc.subjectDISABILITY BENEFITS
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectDISMISSAL
dc.subjectDISMISSALS
dc.subjectDIVORCED WOMEN
dc.subjectEARNING CAPACITY
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEDUCATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYER
dc.subjectEMPLOYERS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectEXCLUSION
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY INCOME
dc.subjectFAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES
dc.subjectFAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES OF WOMEN
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE BUSINESS
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectFEMALE POPULATION
dc.subjectFEMALE-OWNED BUSINESS
dc.subjectFEMALE-OWNED BUSINESSES
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL LITERACY
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFINANCING MECHANISMS
dc.subjectFISCAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectFORMAL BANKING
dc.subjectFORMAL BANKS
dc.subjectFORMAL CREDIT
dc.subjectFORMAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectFORMAL SAVINGS
dc.subjectFORMAL WORKFORCE
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ACTION
dc.subjectGENDER ANALYSIS
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER ROLES
dc.subjectGENDER STEREOTYPES
dc.subjectGENDER WAGE GAPS
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGROWTH PLANS
dc.subjectHANDICRAFTS
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHOME
dc.subjectHOMES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD BUDGET
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CHORES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SPENDING
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WELFARE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINDIGENOUS WOMEN
dc.subjectINEQUALITIES
dc.subjectINFORMAL SAVING
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTORS
dc.subjectINFORMAL WORKER
dc.subjectINFORMATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectINPUT PRICES
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectJOB SECURITY
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCES
dc.subjectLABOR LAW
dc.subjectLABOR LAWS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOUR ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectLACK OF ACCESS
dc.subjectLACK OF INFORMATION
dc.subjectLARGE FIRMS
dc.subjectLEGAL STATUS
dc.subjectLEVEL OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectLIMITED ACCESS
dc.subjectLOAN APPLICATIONS
dc.subjectMARITAL STATUS
dc.subjectMARKET CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMARKETING CAMPAIGNS
dc.subjectMARRIED MEN
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMATERNITY BENEFITS
dc.subjectMATERNITY LEAVE
dc.subjectMICRO CREDIT
dc.subjectMICRO ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectMICRO-CREDIT
dc.subjectMICRO-ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectMICRO-FINANCE
dc.subjectMICRO-FINANCE INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectMICROCREDIT
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF WOMEN
dc.subjectMOBILITY FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectNEW MARKETS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPENSION
dc.subjectPENSION FUNDS
dc.subjectPENSION SYSTEM
dc.subjectPHYSICAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPROBABILITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVE CAPITAL
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROFITABILITY
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectRATES OF RETURN
dc.subjectREAL ESTATE
dc.subjectRECEIPTS
dc.subjectREPAYMENT
dc.subjectRULE OF LAW
dc.subjectSALARIED WORKERS
dc.subjectSALARY
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS ACCOUNT
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSELF-SUFFICIENCY
dc.subjectSENIOR
dc.subjectSINGLE WOMAN
dc.subjectSINGLE WOMEN
dc.subjectSMALL ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectSMALL ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSMALL LOANS
dc.subjectSOCIAL EXPECTATIONS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOURCES OF FINANCE
dc.subjectSTART-UP
dc.subjectSTART-UPS
dc.subjectSUPPLY OF CREDIT
dc.subjectTERM CONTRACTS
dc.subjectTERMINATION
dc.subjectUNDP
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
dc.subjectUNITED STATES AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectUNMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectUSAID
dc.subjectWAGE
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWIFE
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWOMEN BUSINESS OWNERS
dc.subjectWORK HOURS
dc.subjectWORKING CAPITAL
dc.subjectWORKING MOTHERS
dc.subjectYEARS OF SERVICE
dc.subjectYOUNG CHILDREN
dc.titleGender in Bolivian Production : Reducing Differences in Formality and Productivity of Firmsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.date.disclosure2009-08-26
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20090827043440
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid945791468016870368
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-8014-7
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000334955_20090827043440
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum11000024
okr.identifier.report50176
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/08/27/000334955_20090827043440/Rendered/PDF/501760PUB0Gend1ug026109780821380147.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeLatin America & Caribbean
okr.region.countryBolivia
okr.region.geographicalSouth America
okr.region.geographicalLatin America
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicGender::Gender and Health
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.unitEconomic Policy Sector (LCSPE)
okr.volume1 of 1
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