Publication:
Pakistan Clean Fuels

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2014-09-30T17:53:34Z
dc.date.available2014-09-30T17:53:34Z
dc.date.issued2001-10
dc.description.abstractIn the context of the Pakistan Clean Fuels Program, and subsequent workshops, the study reviews the proposed timetable for phasing lead out of gasoline, increasing the average of gasoline octane, and reducing sulfur in diesel, and fuel oil. Within South Asia, Pakistan remains one of the countries using leaded gasoline widely, and, given the extensive epidemiological evidence concerning the adverse impact of lead on public health, lead elimination is the highest priority for fuel quality improvement, in addition to the pollutant concern of high ambient concentrations of fine particles. Also examined is the aspect of particulate emissions: higher contribution by diesel vehicles to particulate emissions, a factor aggravated by the much lower pricing policy of diesel. Workshops findings suggest that incremental costs of reducing sulfur in diesel is low, compared to the cost of reducing sulfur in fuel oil which is substantial, arguing for an accelerated switch from fuel oil to natural gas. Conversely, the incremental cost of eliminating lead in gasoline, and reducing sulfur in diesel is surprisingly low. If implemented successfully, one effective option is differentiated vehicle taxation, by which diesel vehicles are taxed considerably more than gasoline equivalents, so as to make diesel vehicles economically unattractive. However, findings suggest that fuel tax policy alone is a poor instrument for inducing a shift from diesel to gasoline powered vehicles; observations thus highlight the importance of coordinating policies across environmental, transport, and energy sectors, using a number of policy instruments, rather than just one to address these problems.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1677829/pakistan-clean-fuels
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/20287
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/20287
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEnergy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP);no. ESM 246 / 01
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADVERSE IMPACT
dc.subjectAERODYNAMIC DIAMETER
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY DATA
dc.subjectAIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectALCOHOLS
dc.subjectAMBIENT CONCENTRATION
dc.subjectAMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS
dc.subjectAROMATICS
dc.subjectAVIATION GASOLINE
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subjectBENZENE
dc.subjectCARBON
dc.subjectCARBON ATOMS
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON MONOXIDE
dc.subjectCARCINOGENS
dc.subjectCATALYST REGENERATION
dc.subjectCATALYTIC CONVERTER
dc.subjectCATALYTIC CRACKING
dc.subjectCETANE IMPROVEMENT ADDITIVES
dc.subjectCETANE NUMBER
dc.subjectCHEMICALS
dc.subjectCHOICE OF FUEL
dc.subjectCLEAN AIR
dc.subjectCLEAN FUELS
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCOLORS
dc.subjectCOMBUSTIBLE LIQUID
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION CHAMBER
dc.subjectCOMPRESSED NATURAL GAS
dc.subjectCONSERVATION
dc.subjectCONVERSION OF GASOLINE VEHICLES
dc.subjectCRUDE OIL
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIESEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectDIESEL FUEL
dc.subjectDIESEL PARTICULATE
dc.subjectDIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
dc.subjectDIESEL SULFUR
dc.subjectDIESEL SULFUR REDUCTION
dc.subjectDIESEL VEHICLES
dc.subjectDISTILLATE PRODUCTION
dc.subjectDISTILLATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMISTS
dc.subjectELASTICITIES
dc.subjectENERGY PRACTICES
dc.subjectENGINE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
dc.subjectETHERS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXHAUST SYSTEM
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFINE PARTICLES
dc.subjectFLUE GAS
dc.subjectFUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFUEL OIL
dc.subjectFUEL OIL PRICES
dc.subjectFUEL OIL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFUEL PRICE
dc.subjectFUEL PRICING
dc.subjectFUEL QUALITY
dc.subjectFUEL SPECIFICATIONS
dc.subjectFUEL SWITCHING
dc.subjectFUEL TAX
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectGAS DESULFURIZATION
dc.subjectGASOLINE
dc.subjectGASOLINE
dc.subjectGASOLINE BLENDING
dc.subjectGASOLINE CARS
dc.subjectGASOLINE COMPONENT
dc.subjectGASOLINE DEMAND
dc.subjectGASOLINE FRACTION
dc.subjectGASOLINE OCTANE
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICE
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICES
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRODUCTION
dc.subjectGASOLINE QUALITY
dc.subjectGASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS
dc.subjectGASOLINE VEHICLES
dc.subjectHEAVY OILS
dc.subjectHEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES
dc.subjectHYDROCARBONS
dc.subjectHYDROGEN
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectISOMERIZATION
dc.subjectLEADED GASOLINE
dc.subjectLIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES
dc.subjectLIVING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMETHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER
dc.subjectMINERAL
dc.subjectMTBE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNITROGEN
dc.subjectNITROGEN DIOXIDE
dc.subjectNO2
dc.subjectOCTANE
dc.subjectOCTANE NUMBERS
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL COMPANY
dc.subjectOIL DEMAND
dc.subjectOIL MARKETING
dc.subjectOIL MARKETING COMPANIES
dc.subjectOLEFINS
dc.subjectORGANIC COMPOUNDS
dc.subjectOXIDES
dc.subjectOXIDES OF NITROGEN
dc.subjectOXIDES OF SULFUR
dc.subjectOXYGEN
dc.subjectOZONE
dc.subjectPARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS
dc.subjectPARTICULATE MATTER
dc.subjectPARTICULATES
dc.subjectPETROLEUM
dc.subjectPETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectPETROLEUM INDUSTRY
dc.subjectPETROLEUM PRODUCTS
dc.subjectPETROLEUM SECTOR
dc.subjectPIPELINES
dc.subjectPOLLUTANTS
dc.subjectPOLYCYCLIC AROMATICS
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectRECYCLING
dc.subjectREFINERIES
dc.subjectREFINERY
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT
dc.subjectROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSTREAM
dc.subjectSULFUR DIOXIDE
dc.subjectSULFUR IN DIESEL
dc.subjectSULFUR IN FUEL
dc.subjectSUSPENDED PARTICLES
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectTAX REVENUE
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTEMPERATURE
dc.subjectTRANSPORT FUEL
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN CENTERS
dc.subjectVEHICLE
dc.subjectVEHICLE OWNERS
dc.subjectVEHICLES
dc.subjectVOC
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.titlePakistan Clean Fuelsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2001-10-31
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T12:27:49.187839Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::ESMAP Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1677829/pakistan-clean-fuels
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeEnergy and Extractives
okr.guid453551468780276924
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_02012604015016
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum1677829
okr.identifier.reportESM246
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2002/02/09/000094946_02012604015016/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeSouth Asia
okr.region.countryPakistan
okr.sectorEnergy and mining :: Oil and gas
okr.topicEnergy::Energy and Environment
okr.topicOil Refining and Gas Industry
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicTransport and Environment
okr.topicEnvironment::Montreal Protocol
okr.unitEnergy Policy & Strategy Divisin
okr.volume1
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