ESMAP papers
417 items available
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The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) is a global knowledge and technical assistance program administered by the World Bank. It provides analytical and advisory services to low‐ and middle‐income countries to increase know‐how and institutional capacity to achieve environmentally sustainable energy solutions for poverty reduction and economic growth. This collection contains technical reports, working papers, knowledge series papers, case studies, formal reports, toolkits, and other such reports not published formally.
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Publication
Cooking with Bottled Gas: Issues and Challenges in Developing Countries
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-12)This report summarizes the findings and recommendations of a study program assessing the role of liquefied petroleum gas in the context of contributing to the attainment of universal access to clean household fuel under the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7. The study findings suggest governments may wish to focus more on how to shift households to LPG to create a critical mass of consumers and economies of scale that can drive down costs and prices—starting with the better-off, if they are continuing to use biomass in traditional stoves—than on a target for LPG penetration, especially for rural households, or financial assistance. The regulatory actions proposed can help lower prices, increase safety, are cost-effective for facilitation of LPG adoption and use, and carry virtually no risk of adverse unintended consequences. -
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Reforming Subsidies for Bottled Gas: Recent Experience in Developing Countries
(Washington, DC, 2022-12)For decades, many developing countries have provided universal price subsidies for bottled gas to promote clean cooking. Advances in digital technology and ample evidence of the economic distortions caused by the subsidies have led some governments to instead use targeted cash transfers, slashing illegal diversion and fiscal costs. But the recent rise in fuel prices has put pressure on governments to reinstate universal price subsidies. This brief reviews how governments have targeted subsidies to the lesser-off and the political challenge of ending untargeted subsidies. -
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Search for Clean Cooking Energy: Pros and Cons of Bottled Gas
(Washington, DC, 2022-12)About two-fifths of the developing world lacked access to clean cooking energy services in 2020. Bottled gas is a clean cooking fuel but is subject to large price volatility and not affordable for many. Electricity is safe and convenient but may not be reliable or affordable. Densified wood pellets in advanced combustion stoves offer an alternative but require careful handling to achieve clean combustion. This brief reviews the pros and cons of these predominant forms of clean cooking energy, focusing on bottled gas. -
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The Employment Benefits of an Energy Transition in Egypt
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-11)This report investigates the job creation potential of the clean energy transition that has gained momentum over the past years in Egypt. The estimation is based on the Clean Energy Employment Assessment Tool (CEEAT), an Excel-based input-output model that can stimulate the economywide net direct, indirect, and induced employment impacts of clean energy technology pathways. In the case of Egypt, CEEAT is calibrated for five such pathways: utility-scale solar; industrial solar; rooftop residential solar; utility-scale wind; and energy efficiency of buildings. Achieving Egypt’s targets for these technologies is expected to deliver a positive benefit of around 2 million net job-years over the 30-year period through 2050, equivalent to an average of 67,000 additional new job opportunities per year. This is 0.2 percent of the 29 million labor force and 2.2 percent of the unemployed in 2020. The results can be much larger if the innovation rate is increased, alongside the share of local content in manufacturing, and other clean energy technologies are leveraged. The early results of the analysis showcase important benefits of striving for a sustainable energy pathway, even for an emerging economy. Not only would jobs be gained, which could inform future strategies for workforce development, but some jobs would be displaced, or possibly shifted. A just transition framework is thus needed to mitigate any negative impacts and maximize the employment co-benefits of a green economy. -
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The Employment Benefits of an Energy Transition in Morocco
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-11)This report estimates the job creation potential of Morocco’s ambitious renewable energy and energy efficiency targets. To do this, it uses the Clean Energy Employment Assessment Tool (CEEAT), an excel-based input-output model that can stimulate the economy wide net direct, indirect, and induced employment impacts of clean energy technology pathways. CEEAT is currently calibrated for six such pathways: utility-scale solar, concentrated solar power, industrial solar, rooftop residential solar, utility-scale wind, and energy efficiency of buildings. Achieving Morocco’s targets for these technologies would yield an estimated 762,000 net job-years over the next 30 years, equivalent to an average of 25, 000 additional new job opportunities per year. This is 8.5 percent of the country’s overall 300,000 annual jobs shortfall. The results could be even more impressive, if other clean energy technologies were to be considered, offering a more complete picture of the energy transition in Morocco. The early results of analysis showcase important benefits of striving for a sustainable energy pathway, even for an emerging economy. Not only would jobs be gained, which could inform future strategies for workforce development, but some jobs would be displaced, or possibly shifted. A just transition framework is this needed to mitigate any negative impacts and maximizing the employment co-benefits of a green economy. -
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Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE) 2022: Building Resilience
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-11)Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE) is a set of indicators intended for use in comparing the policy and regulatory frameworks that countries have put in place to support the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) on universal access to clean and modern energy. This fourth edition of the index captures policy and regulatory support that enhances sustainable energy in the form of 30 indicators distributed among four pillars: electricity access, clean cooking, renewable energy, and energy efficiency. To capture recent changes in the energy sector over the last two years, RISE 2022 has refined the indicators for all pillars, recalculating the entire time series dating back to 2010 for all countries. -
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Economic Analysis of Power Projects: Integration of Climate Change and Disaster Resilience
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-10-06)From the perspective of economic and financial analysis, a climate change resilience assessment can be defined as an elaboration of how an investment project performs under alternative futures that are subject to high uncertainty about climate change impacts, and an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation options to improve a project’s resilience. As a matter of general methodology, this is no different to the assessment of other risks and uncertainties routinely faced in project design. The main difference is that the uncertainties are much more difficult to define: the uncertainty about the nature, timing and extent of climate change impacts is much greater than the better-known uncertainties that have long been part of project design and appraisal. The objective of this good practice note is to present a methodology for the integration of climate change and disaster/hazard resilience assessments into the framework of economic analysis as set out in the World Bank’s guidelines for economic analysis of power sector investment projects (GEA 2015). -
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Off-Grid Solar Market Trends Report 2022: State of the Sector
(Washington, DC, 2022-10)For more than a decade, the biennial Off-Grid Solar (OGS) Market Trends Report (MTR) has been the anchor of the World Bank Lighting Global/GOGLA franchise of reports. They are the go-to source of OGS sector information for investors, industry members, policymakers, and other stakeholders. The series includes semi-annual reports that track sales and impact results by country, region, and worldwide for VeraSol Quality-Verified and other branded solar devices sold by GOGLA affiliates. Each MTR offers a deep dive into trends in the sector, alongside new research and data, to deepen understanding among market players and illuminate the pathway forward. To further improve readability, the 2022 MTR is, for the first time, in two parts. This first report will focus on the ‘State of the Sector’, while the second report, to be published in October 2022, will provide an ‘Outlook to 2030’. The ‘State of the Sector’ report provides insights into key trends in the off-grid solar sector over the past two years, including business models, technologies, competitive landscape and funding. The ‘Outlook to 2030’ will profile the potential of the industry to help meet development goals, and to explore trends and drivers that must be enhanced and addressed to drive electricity access. -
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2022 Mini Grids for Half a Billion People: Market Outlook and Handbook for Decision Makers
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-09-22)This book is packed with actionable information for decision-makers, and it is the World Bank’s most comprehensive and authoritative publication on mini grids to date. The objective of this comprehensive knowledge package is to present road-tested options and examples from the leading edge of mini grid development. Decision-makers can draw on these options and examples to scale up mini grid deployment in their own contexts. By acknowledging different national approaches to mini grids and providing context-specific considerations for implementation, this suite of knowledge products offers an adaptive approach to helping countries achieve their electrification targets. The book is structured as follows. The overview presents a global market outlook for mini grids and introduces the 10 building blocks that need to be in place if mini grids are to be scaled up in any country. These building blocks also represent the 10 frontiers for innovation for the sector, where, with disruptive digital solutions across all 10 frontiers, the services offered to end users can be raised to a level substantially better than what would be possible with alternatives. In the Handbook, the terms “building blocks” and “frontiers” are used interchangeably. Chapters 1–10 present the 10 building blocks in detail and answer the question how do we scale up mini grid deployment to connect half a billion people by 2030 Chapter 11 is our call to action. -
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Leaving No One Behind: Rethinking Energy Access Programs in Contexts of Displacement
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2022-09)Forcibly displaced persons (FDPs) are among the poorest and most vulnerable segments of population. At the same time, they are those who are most likely left behind by governments, development actors, and the private sector. Many FDPs, especially children, experience major traumas such as war and persecution, forced displacement from home, poverty, or violence. These conditions create a vicious circle of poverty, trauma, and loss that the displaced are often unable to break. In this challenging context, access to energy can play a key role to improve the living conditions of FDPs. The report outlines a set of recommendations to address the key barriers that impede optimal energy practices in displacement settings. Such recommendations represent sectorial building blocks meant to work synergically to reshape energy access interventions in a more inclusive, sustainable and effective manner. The report argues that the World Bank and its Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) unit are uniquely placed to lead the efforts needed to tackle the displacement crisis as a development challenge. The World Bank’s strong client focus, technical expertise, long-term perspective, and commitment put it in a key position to provide innovative financial resource solutions, along with technical and advisory services, to promote private involvement and enhance local capacity. ESMAP can facilitate this work via the Leave No One Behind program, the first initiative within the World Bank Energy and Extractives Global Practice to address the drivers and impacts of forced displacement. The recommendations outlined in this report, led by the concerted efforts of the World Bank and the humanitarian actors, will help governments and agencies streamline electrification efforts for people affected by the displacement. This renewed approach to the provision of access to energy services will be vital to improve the quality of the lives of the most vulnerable.