Publication:
Options to Increase Access to Telecommunications Services in Rural and Low-Income Areas

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dc.contributor.authorMuente-Kunigami, Arturo
dc.contributor.authorNavas-Sabater, Juan
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T09:32:32Z
dc.date.accessioned2012-04-04T07:43:55Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T09:32:32Z
dc.date.available2012-04-04T07:43:55Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.description.abstractRecent evidence suggests that increasing overall service coverage and promoting access to telecommunications services have a high economic benefit. Overall, it is estimated that a ten percent increase in mobile telephony penetration could increase economic growth by 0.81 percent in developing countries, whereas a ten percent increase in broadband penetration could increase economic growth by 1.4 percent. In rural and low-income areas in particular, not only do basic telephony services and broadband access allow population to connect with relatives and friends, but they have also introduced a dramatic increase in productivity and in many cases have become the only way for small and medium enterprises in rural areas to access national and, in some cases, global markets. Moreover, the impact of access to telecommunications in rural areas on health, education, disaster management, and local governments has allowed better and more rapid responses, improved coordination, and more effective public management. It is therefore worthwhile to take a second look at all possible policy options, both conventional mechanisms (some of which underutilized) as well as new approaches, to determine whether some of them may be relevant for the emerging agenda of universal broadband access. This paper will first address the necessary conditions required to adopt a more ambitious universal access policy in developing countries. After that, a brief account of the main relevant trends in the industry will be made, followed by a description of twelve different mechanisms for project implementation and six different mechanisms for funding of universal access strategies. Then, an evaluation of the mechanisms will be carried out to identify the most suitable ones. Finally, some recommendations to policy makers on implementation of the preferred mechanisms are also drawn from the analysis.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20100105000339
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-8140-3
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-8140-3
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/2397
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/5927
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Working Paper ; No. 178
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACCESS CHARGES
dc.subjectACCESS TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectAFFORDABLE ACCESS
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE ENERGY
dc.subjectAUCTION
dc.subjectAUCTIONS
dc.subjectAUDITS
dc.subjectBACKBONE
dc.subjectBACKBONE NETWORKS
dc.subjectBALANCE SHEET
dc.subjectBALANCE SHEETS
dc.subjectBARRIER
dc.subjectBARRIER TO ENTRY
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subjectBASIC
dc.subjectBROADBAND
dc.subjectBROADBAND CONNECTIONS
dc.subjectBROADBAND CONNECTIVITY
dc.subjectBROADBAND NETWORK
dc.subjectBUSINESS CASE
dc.subjectBUSINESS MODEL
dc.subjectBUSINESS MODELS
dc.subjectCALL CENTER
dc.subjectCAPABILITIES
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL CITIES
dc.subjectCAPITAL EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCAPITAL EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectCASH FLOW
dc.subjectCELL PHONE
dc.subjectCITIES
dc.subjectCOLLABORATION
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectCOMMUNITIES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE MARKETS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE PRODUCTS
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCOMPONENTS
dc.subjectCOMPUTERIZATION
dc.subjectCONTENT CREATION
dc.subjectCONTENT DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCOPYING
dc.subjectCOPYRIGHT
dc.subjectCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE
dc.subjectCOPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER
dc.subjectCOST STRUCTURES
dc.subjectCOSTS SAVINGS
dc.subjectCREATIVE SOLUTIONS
dc.subjectCUSTOMS
dc.subjectDATA COMMUNICATION
dc.subjectDATA SERVICES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIGITAL
dc.subjectDOI
dc.subjectDOMAIN
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEFFICIENT MARKETS
dc.subjectEND USER
dc.subjectEND USERS
dc.subjectEND-USER
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEQUITY FINANCING
dc.subjectEXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RISKS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFORMATTING
dc.subjectFREQUENCY BAND
dc.subjectFUNCTIONALITY
dc.subjectGATEWAYS
dc.subjectGENERAL POPULATION
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BUDGET
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT ENTITIES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REVENUES
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH STRATEGIES
dc.subjectHIGH-SPEED
dc.subjectICT
dc.subjectIMPLEMENTATION STAGES
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFORMATICS
dc.subjectINFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectINFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
dc.subjectINNOVATIONS
dc.subjectINNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectINTANGIBLE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION
dc.subjectINTERNET ACCESS
dc.subjectISPS
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectLICENSE
dc.subjectLICENSE FEE
dc.subjectLICENSES
dc.subjectLICENSING
dc.subjectMARKET DOMINANCE
dc.subjectMARKET EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMATERIAL
dc.subjectMEDIA
dc.subjectMEDIUM ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectMOBILE NETWORK
dc.subjectMOBILE NETWORKS
dc.subjectMOBILE PHONE
dc.subjectMOBILE SERVICE
dc.subjectMOBILE SERVICES
dc.subjectMOBILE TELEPHONY
dc.subjectMOBILE TERMINALS
dc.subjectMOBILE USERS
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectNETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectNETWORK SERVICES
dc.subjectNETWORKS
dc.subjectNEW TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectNEXT GENERATION
dc.subjectOPEN ACCESS
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectOUTPUTS
dc.subjectOUTSOURCING
dc.subjectPAPER REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectPARTICULAR COUNTRY
dc.subjectPAYPHONES
dc.subjectPERSONAL COMPUTER
dc.subjectPHONE SERVICES
dc.subjectPRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectPRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATIONS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectPROTOCOL
dc.subjectPUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC FUNDS
dc.subjectPUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
dc.subjectPUBLISHING
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectQUALITY OF SERVICE
dc.subjectQUALITY OF SERVICES
dc.subjectQUERIES
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectREGULATOR
dc.subjectREGULATORS
dc.subjectREGULATORY AGENCIES
dc.subjectREGULATORY AGENCY
dc.subjectREGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
dc.subjectRESULT
dc.subjectRESULTS
dc.subjectRETAIL SERVICES
dc.subjectREVENUE POTENTIAL
dc.subjectREVERSE AUCTION
dc.subjectREVERSE AUCTIONS
dc.subjectRURAL ACCESS
dc.subjectRURAL ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectRURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
dc.subjectRURAL OPERATORS
dc.subjectRURAL TELECOMMUNICATION
dc.subjectRURAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectRURAL TELEPHONES
dc.subjectSATELLITE
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSEARCH
dc.subjectSECONDARY MARKET
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectSUPERVISION
dc.subjectTARGETS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX CREDITS
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTELECENTERS
dc.subjectTELECOM
dc.subjectTELECOM SECTOR
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS PROJECTS
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS REGULATION
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES
dc.subjectTELEDENSITY
dc.subjectTELEPHONE
dc.subjectTELEPHONE LINES
dc.subjectTELEPHONES
dc.subjectTELEPHONY SERVICES
dc.subjectTRAINING CENTERS
dc.subjectTRAINING PROGRAMS
dc.subjectTRANSACTION
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectTREASURY
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ACCESS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ACCESS OBJECTIVES
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ACCESS PROGRAMS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL SERVICE
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL SERVICE FUNDS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL SERVICE OBLIGATION
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL SERVICE OBLIGATIONS
dc.subjectUSES
dc.subjectVOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL
dc.subjectVOIP
dc.subjectWIRELESS
dc.subjectWIRELESS SERVICES
dc.titleOptions to Increase Access to Telecommunications Services in Rural and Low-Income Areasen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaJobs
okr.date.disclosure2010-04-20
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20100105000339
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-8140-3
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333038_20100105000339
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum11601376
okr.identifier.report51839
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/01/05/000333038_20100105000339/Rendered/PDF/518390PUB0REPL101Official0Use0Only1.pdfen
okr.topicInformation and Communication Technologies::ICT Policy and Strategies
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::E-Business
okr.topicTechnology Industry
okr.topicEducation::Education for the Knowledge Economy
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicIndustry
okr.unitPolicy Div (IBRD Telecom & Inf) (CITPO)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication3e126efc-de2f-4a95-be5b-bd2e430a4843
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery3e126efc-de2f-4a95-be5b-bd2e430a4843
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