Publication:
Coverage : The Scope of Protection in Retirement Income Systems

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2012-08-13T14:28:05Z
dc.date.available2012-08-13T14:28:05Z
dc.date.issued2005-07
dc.description.abstractThe coverage of old-age protection systems is a central concern in developing countries. While most countries mandate that workers make contributions to a retirement-savings plan, fewer than ten per cent comply in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, as compared to higher-income OECD countries which cover 80 per cent or more of their workforce. Economic development is the major determinant of coverage protection for retirement systems, with the level of income per capita as an excellent predictor of coverage rates. The note concludes that : a) coverage rates track income levels closely and evasion is driven by the high cost of joining the formal sector; b) pension scheme design can exacerbate the evasion problem; c) a poorly designed and managed scheme should be reformed prior to attempts to expand its coverage; d) extending financial solvency of a pay-as-you-go scheme is not a good rationale for expanding coverage; e) a safety net can help cover the inevitable gaps in a contributory scheme; f) defined contribution schemes tend to provide better incentives for coverage; g) creative approaches to expanding coverage include direct matching contributions for low income workers and finding ways to reduce transaction costs by harnessing existing groups.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/07/6258736/coverage-scope-protection-retirement-income-systems
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/11214
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/11214
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Pension Reform Primer Series
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectAFFILIATES
dc.subjectAGENTS
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectANNUAL STATEMENTS
dc.subjectANNUITY
dc.subjectBASIC PENSION
dc.subjectCERTAIN EXTENT
dc.subjectCOVERAGE
dc.subjectDEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEMES
dc.subjectDEPOSITS
dc.subjectDISCOUNT RATES
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEFFECTIVE USE
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subjectFINANCIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectFIXED COSTS
dc.subjectFUNDED ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
dc.subjectGROUP INSURANCE
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT RETURNS
dc.subjectLABOR COSTS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLATIN AMERICAN
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLONGEVITY INSURANCE
dc.subjectMANDATES
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectPENSION COVERAGE
dc.subjectPENSION REFORM
dc.subjectPENSION REFORMS
dc.subjectPENSION RIGHTS
dc.subjectPENSION SCHEMES
dc.subjectPENSION SYSTEM
dc.subjectPENSION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectPENSIONERS
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPRIVATE PENSION
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectPROVIDENT FUNDS
dc.subjectREPLACEMENT RATE
dc.subjectREPLACEMENT RATE TARGETS
dc.subjectRESEARCH AGENDA
dc.subjectRETIREMENT
dc.subjectRETIREMENT AGES
dc.subjectRETIREMENT INCOME
dc.subjectRETIREMENT INCOME SYSTEMS
dc.subjectSAHARA
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSOCIAL COSTS
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSURANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOLVENCY
dc.subjectSTATE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
dc.subjectTAX ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectTAX COLLECTION
dc.subjectTAX COMPLIANCE
dc.subjectTAX TREATMENT
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectWAGE RULES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.titleCoverage : The Scope of Protection in Retirement Income Systemsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-29T09:40:08.910273Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Brief
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/07/6258736/coverage-scope-protection-retirement-income-systems
okr.globalpracticeSocial Protection and Labor
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.guid220341468765575783
okr.guid538241468129274456
okr.guid681481468779672378
okr.guid925851468780550348
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000011823_20050830133254
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum6258736
okr.identifier.report33392
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2005/08/30/000011823_20050830133254/Rendered/PDF/333920ENGLISH0PRPNoteCoverage.pdfen
okr.topicLaw and Development::Insurance Law
okr.topicInsurance and Risk Mitigation
okr.topicPensions and Retirement Systems
okr.topicBanks and Banking Reform
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development
okr.topicSocial Protections and Labor
okr.topicEnvironment
okr.unitSocial Protection Team (HDNSP)
okr.volume1 of 1
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