Publication:
A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2017-08-10T20:30:32Z
dc.date.available2017-08-10T20:30:32Z
dc.date.issued2010-06
dc.description.abstractCompared with developed economies, health expenditure in China is not particularly high on a per capita basis or as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Similarly, pharmaceutical expenditure in comparative perspective is not particularly high on a per capita basis or as a percentage of GDP. China's exceptionally high rate of pharmaceutical expenditure has important implications for the future of a health care system that not only serves a rapidly aging population, but encourages overuse of drugs in ways that are both financially and medically inefficient. Pharmaceutical reform is therefore a high priority for China's health policymakers. Several factors are discussed for reforming this system based on lessons from recent reforms. The section following this introduction briefly reviews the expansion of basic medical insurance coverage in the 2000s and several structural features of the pharmaceutical sector in China. The related concepts of an essential medicines policy, an essential drug list, and a generic drug policy are briefly described in first section. The second section of the paper looks at several hurdles that are built into the path of essential medicines reform. The third section considers some lessons for pharmaceutical reform based on China's recent learning from regional experimentation and piloting initiatives. The fourth section considers several relevant lessons derived from reform experiences in other countries. The fifth section looks at the path forward-success factors for implementing an essential medicines program based on low-cost generic drugs.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/922831468215970921/Main-report
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/27722
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/27722
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesChina Health Policy Notes;No. 4
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
dc.subjectACCESS TO INFORMATION
dc.subjectACTIVE INGREDIENTS
dc.subjectAGING
dc.subjectANTIBIOTICS
dc.subjectBENCHMARKS
dc.subjectBIDDING
dc.subjectBIOEQUIVALENCE
dc.subjectCANCER
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITATION
dc.subjectCAPITATION BASIS
dc.subjectCENTER FOR HEALTH
dc.subjectCERTIFICATION
dc.subjectCHRONIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectCHRONIC DISEASES
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCLINICAL GUIDELINES
dc.subjectCLINICAL PRACTICE
dc.subjectCOMMUNITY HEALTH
dc.subjectCONSUMER EDUCATION
dc.subjectCOOPERATIVE MEDICAL INSURANCE
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDIABETES
dc.subjectDIAGNOSIS
dc.subjectDIFFERENTIAL PRICING
dc.subjectDISSEMINATION
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectDOCTORS
dc.subjectDOSAGES
dc.subjectDRUG ADMINISTRATION
dc.subjectDRUG INDUSTRY
dc.subjectDRUG LIST
dc.subjectDRUG MARKETS
dc.subjectDRUG POLICIES
dc.subjectDRUG PRICES
dc.subjectDRUG UTILIZATION
dc.subjectDRUGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC PROGRESS
dc.subjectEQUAL ACCESS
dc.subjectEQUITABLE ACCESS
dc.subjectESSENTIAL DRUGS
dc.subjectESSENTIAL MEDICINES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFEES FOR SERVICES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL COMMITMENT
dc.subjectFORECASTS
dc.subjectFRAUD
dc.subjectGENERIC DRUGS
dc.subjectGMP
dc.subjectGOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT AGENCIES
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHEALTH AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE COVERAGE
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEALTH CENTERS
dc.subjectHEALTH COVERAGE
dc.subjectHEALTH ECONOMICS
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHEALTH FACILITIES
dc.subjectHEALTH IMPACT
dc.subjectHEALTH INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH POLICY
dc.subjectHEALTH PROFESSIONALS
dc.subjectHEALTH PROVIDERS
dc.subjectHEALTH REFORM
dc.subjectHEALTH REFORMS
dc.subjectHEALTH RISKS
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR REFORM
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH STATUS
dc.subjectHEALTH STRATEGIES
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectHEALTHCARE
dc.subjectHEPATITIS B
dc.subjectHIV/AIDS
dc.subjectHOSPITAL
dc.subjectHOSPITAL PHARMACIES
dc.subjectHOSPITALS
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectHYPERTENSION
dc.subjectILLNESSES
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINFECTIOUS DISEASES
dc.subjectINSURANCE COVERAGE
dc.subjectINSURANCE SCHEMES
dc.subjectINSURERS
dc.subjectINTERFERON
dc.subjectINTERMEDIARIES
dc.subjectINTERVENTION
dc.subjectIRRATIONAL USE
dc.subjectLACK OF INFORMATION
dc.subjectLARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE
dc.subjectLARGE POPULATIONS
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectMANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMEDICAL CARE
dc.subjectMEDICAL CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMEDICAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectMEDICAL INSURANCE
dc.subjectMEDICAL SERVICES
dc.subjectMEDICAL STAFF
dc.subjectMEDICAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectMEDICATION
dc.subjectMEDICINE
dc.subjectMEDICINES
dc.subjectMIGRANT
dc.subjectMINISTRY OF HEALTH
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectNATIONAL DRUG
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectNDP
dc.subjectNURSES
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectPACKAGING
dc.subjectPATIENT
dc.subjectPATIENT EDUCATION
dc.subjectPATIENTS
dc.subjectPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL POLICY
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL PRICES
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL REFORM
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIERS
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY
dc.subjectPHARMACEUTICALS
dc.subjectPHARMACISTS
dc.subjectPHARMACY
dc.subjectPHYSICIAN
dc.subjectPHYSICIANS
dc.subjectPOOLED PROCUREMENT
dc.subjectPOOR FAMILIES
dc.subjectPRESCRIPTIONS
dc.subjectPRIMARY CARE
dc.subjectPRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROVIDER PAYMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectPUBLIC HOSPITALS
dc.subjectPURCHASING
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectQUALITY ASSURANCE
dc.subjectQUALITY OF CARE
dc.subjectQUALITY OF SERVICES
dc.subjectRATES OF GROWTH
dc.subjectRATIONAL DRUG USE
dc.subjectRATIONAL USE OF DRUGS
dc.subjectREFORM EFFORT
dc.subjectREGULATORY AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectREMEDIES
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectRETAIL PHARMACIES
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL POPULATION
dc.subjectRURAL RESIDENTS
dc.subjectSERVICE CONTRACTS
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSTATE PLANNING
dc.subjectTHERAPIES
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL MEDICINES
dc.subjectTREATMENT GUIDELINES
dc.subjectTREATMENTS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN ENVIRONMENTS
dc.subjectURBAN POPULATIONS
dc.subjectUSER FEES
dc.subjectWASTE
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.subjectWORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
dc.titleA Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in Chinaen
dc.typePolicy Noteen
dc.typeDocument de politique généralefr
dc.typeDocumento de políticases
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleA Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China
okr.date.disclosure2010-12-14
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T11:12:21.290267Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Policy Note
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/922831468215970921/Main-report
okr.guid787201468028739985
okr.guid825591468221677572
okr.guid196881468219294928
okr.guid922831468215970921
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000356161_20101214234318
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum13240428
okr.identifier.report58413
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/922831468215970921/pdf/584130NWP0V20P10No41Pharma0Generics.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.countryChina
okr.sectorHealth and other social services :: Health
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health Monitoring & Evaluation
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health Systems Development & Reform
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Pharmaceuticals & Pharmacoeconomics
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicLaw and Development::Health Law
okr.unitHNP Sector Unit (EASHH)
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