Publication:
Pakistan : Contingent Liabilities from Public Private Partnerships

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Files in English
English PDF (1.35 MB)
418 downloads
English Text (503 KB)
124 downloads
Published
2010-07
ISSN
Date
2013-02-19
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
This final report is the fourth and final deliverable in Castalia's assignment, funded by the World Bank, to improve how contingent liabilities are managed in Pakistan. The report presents recommendations on how Pakistan should improve its policies and processes for issuing and managing contingent liabilities associated with public private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure. The contents of this report are organized as follows: section two explains why it is important for Pakistan to establish sound policies for managing contingent liabilities, based on the Government's existing exposure and gaps in the policies and processes that are currently in place. The Status Quo Report presented in appendix A provides an assessment of the Government's exposure to contingent liabilities and the existing policies and processes that are in place. Section three explains how Pakistan can better manage contingent liabilities by presenting recommendations to eight specific functions that will strengthen existing PPP policies. Section four analyzes options for who should perform the functions for managing contingent liabilities, and explains why we recommend empowering existing institutions in the preferred institutional framework. Section five presents the steps we suggest that the Government follows to implement these recommendations and operationalize an effective contingent liabilities management framework. Finally, section six presents assessment of international experience and good practice in managing contingent liabilities to provide additional context for recommendations in Pakistan. Appendix A includes the Status Quo Report from the first stage of this assignment. Appendix B includes a summary of the stakeholder consultation workshop conducted in Islamabad on July 21 to receive feedback on the draft recommendations for this assignment.
Link to Data Set
Citation
World Bank. 2010. Pakistan : Contingent Liabilities from Public Private Partnerships. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/12386 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
Digital Object Identifier
Associated URLs
Associated content
Report Series
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Publication
    How Do Countries Measure, Manage, and Monitor Fiscal Risks Generated by Public-Private Partnerships? Chile, Peru, South Africa, Turkey
    (World Bank Group, Washington, DC, 2014-09) Aslan, Cigdem; Duarte, David
    The topic of managing fiscal risks arising from public-private partnerships is receiving increased attention as more governments turn toward this type of financing for large infrastructure projects. Governments can manage balance sheet exposure to public-private partnerships by quantifying and capturing direct obligations and provisions for potential calls on government guarantees associated with public-private partnership projects in the preparation of the medium term fiscal framework and annual budget. This working paper examines how four countries with active public-private partnership projects manage the costs and risks of financial obligations generated by these investments throughout the lifetime of the contracts. The paper seeks to complement the existing literature with a practitioner's point of view while exploring if and how these countries monitor and evaluate the fiscal risks generated by the portfolio of public-private partnerships (as well as individual projects). The countries covered are Chile, Peru, South Africa, and Turkey, all of which have experience implementing public-private partnership projects. The research finds that countries have tailored fiscal risk management and monitoring frameworks to fit their circumstances and respective budgeting, accounting, and reporting practices. All four countries assess the overall or partial credit exposure to monitor and manage their fiscal commitments from public-private partnerships in a consolidated way. All countries have developed evaluation models to help assess fiscal risks and assess project and portfolio level credit exposure. Further scrutiny could be focused on budgeting and accounting practices, which could be strengthened and brought in line with international standards. Similarly, sharing and standardizing information would improve transparency and accountability.
  • Publication
    An Operational Framework for Managing Fiscal Commitments from Public-Private Partnerships
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2013-02-09) Shendy, Riham; Martin, Helen; Mousley, Peter
    The National policy on public-private partnerships (PPP) recently approved by the Government of Ghana (GoG) sets out the government's intention to use PPPs to improve the quality, cost-effectiveness, and timely provision of public infrastructure in Ghana. The PPP policy highlights the role of the government's financial support to PPPs, as well as the importance of putting in place a system to manage the associated fiscal commitments (FCs). As noted in the policy, the government's contribution to a PPP may include remuneration to the private party from government budgets, which may be fixed or partially fixed, periodic payments (annuities) and contingent. This report proposes an operational framework for managing fiscal obligations arising from PPPs in Ghana. This framework aims to ensure that PPP FCs are consistently identified and assessed during PPP project preparation, and that these assessments are fed into project approval. The report outlines roles and responsibilities, concepts, and processes for managing PPP FCs, drawing on international standards and practices, bearing in mind existing institutions and capacities in Ghana. The report also suggests legislative additions and capacity building needed to establish this framework in practice. This report focuses primarily on managing long-term FCs to PPPs, including regular payments or contingent liabilities (CL) that typically last throughout a project's lifetime. This report is structured as follows: chapter 1 is introduction; chapter; 2 introduces the concept of FCs from PPPs: how and why PPPs create FCs, why managing them is important, and an overview of what it entails; chapter 3 presents institutional roles and responsibilities; chapter 4 describes how FC management should be incorporated in the PPP development and approval process; chapter 5 describes how FCs can be managed during PPP implementation by monitoring, reporting, and budgeting adequately; and chapter 6 sets out the steps needed to begin to implement this PPP framework-to build its core requirements into the forthcoming PPP Law, and to build capacity in the relevant entities to carry out those requirements in practice.
  • Publication
    Innovative Financing for Development
    (Washington, DC : World Bank, 2009) Ketkar, Suhas; Ratha, Dilip
    In the run-up to the 'follow-up international conference on financing for development' to be held in Doha from November 28 to December 2, 2008, it seems particularly timely to collect in one book writings on the various market-based innovative methods of raising development finance. Although developing countries are well advised to use caution in incurring large foreign debt obligations, especially of short duration, there is little doubt that poor countries can benefit from cross-border capital whether channeled through the public or private sectors. The papers in this book focus on various recent innovations in international finance that allow developing countries to tap global capital markets in times of low risk appetite, thereby reducing their vulnerability to booms and busts in capital flows. Debt issues backed by future hard currency receivables and diaspora bonds fall into the category of mechanisms that are best described as foul-weather friends. By linking the rate on interest to a country's ability to pay, Gross Domestic Product (GDP)-indexed bonds reduce the cyclical vulnerabilities of developing countries. Furthermore, these innovative mechanisms perm lower-cost and longer-term borrowings in international capital markets. Not only do the papers included in this book describe the innovative financing mechanisms; they also quantify the mechanisms' potential size and then identify the constraints on their use. Finally, the papers recommend concrete measures that the World Bank and other regional development banks can implement to alleviate these constraints. Economists have analyzed the feasibility and potential of using various tax-based sources of development finance in the context of meeting the millennium development goals. This has given rise to a new discipline of global public finance. This book complements those efforts by focusing on market based mechanisms for raising development finance.
  • Publication
    Recent trends in Risk Mitigation Instruments for Infrastructure Finance : Innovations by Providers Opening New Possibilities
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2007-05) Matsukawa, Tomoko; Habeck, Odo
    Using risk mitigation instruments to support infrastructure finance has attracted growing interest among developing country governments, the donor community and the private sector. Official development agencies and private insurers are exploring new applications, opening new possibilities in raising finance for infrastructure projects. The importance of infrastructure for economic growth and poverty reduction is well established. However, raising debt and equity capital for infrastructure development and service provision remains a challenge for developing countries.
  • Publication
    Disclosure of Project and Contract Information in Public-Private Partnerships
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-01) World Bank Institute
    This report presents a review of current practices on the disclosure of information on Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects and contracts from 11 jurisdictions at the national and sub-national level representing 8 countries. It is part of a broader program of work being undertaken by the World Bank Institute (WBI) on increasing the transparency of public-private contracting. The objective of this review is to present emerging practices on the disclosure of information on PPP projects and contracts and to distill from these suggestions to government agencies on how they can provide more information to their public on their PPP projects. There are no grounds to believe that PPPs require greater transparency than similar projects executed through traditional public procurement. However as with publicly-executed projects PPPs can benefit from greater transparency. In addition PPPs may require considerations and approaches to disclosure not present in publicly-executed projects. The remainder of this report is structured as follows: section one presents a synthesis of observed practices and then a recommended approach in terms of essential information to be disclosed and the key instruments through which this is done; section two presents country case studies in a standardized format reflecting the recommendations in section one; annexures one and two list relevant websites, legislation and policy.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

  • Publication
    Ethiopia Country Climate and Development Report, February 2024
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-02-27) World Bank Group
    The Ethiopia Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) aims to support Ethiopia’s plans to achieve its development goals within the context of a changing climate. By quantifying the likely economic impacts of climate change on the economy between now and 2050, the report highlights the measures that the government of Ethiopia (GoE) needs to prioritize to prepare for these impacts and adapt to them most effectively, with a particular focus on actions that should be taken throughout the remainder of this decade. Opportunities for low-carbon growth as a co-benefit of development programs are also examined.
  • Publication
    What Matters Most for Engaging the Private Sector in Education
    (World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-07) Baum, Donald; Lewis, Laura; Lusk-Stover, Oni; Patrinos, Harry
    This paper provides an overview of what matters most for engaging the private sector in basic education. In many countries, private schools educate a substantial and growing share of the student population. The goal of this paper is not to advocate for private schooling, but to outline the most effective evidence based policies that governments can use to orient these non-state providers toward promoting learning for all children and youth. Systems approach for better education results (SABER) engaging the private sector (EPS) builds upon the framework for effective service delivery outlined in the World Bank's World Development Report 2004, making services work for the poor, as well as in the World Bank's education sector strategy 2020, learning for all. To assist countries in improving their policy frameworks for private education, SABER EPS analyzes and benchmarks four policy goals that, according to the global evidence, can strengthen provider accountability and promote learning for all. These policy goals are: (1) encouraging innovation by providers; (2) holding schools accountable; (3) empowering all parents, students, and communities; and (4) promoting diversity of supply. Each of these policy goals is benchmarked across four common models of private service delivery: (a) independent private schools, (b) government funded private schools, (c) privately managed schools, and (d) voucher schools. In its country level application of the framework and tools, SABER EPS assesses only the modes of private delivery that already exist in each country.
  • Publication
    Digital Africa
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-03-13) Begazo, Tania; Dutz, Mark Andrew; Blimpo, Moussa
    All African countries need better and more jobs for their growing populations. "Digital Africa: Technological Transformation for Jobs" shows that broader use of productivity-enhancing, digital technologies by enterprises and households is imperative to generate such jobs, including for lower-skilled people. At the same time, it can support not only countries’ short-term objective of postpandemic economic recovery but also their vision of economic transformation with more inclusive growth. These outcomes are not automatic, however. Mobile internet availability has increased throughout the continent in recent years, but Africa’s uptake gap is the highest in the world. Areas with at least 3G mobile internet service now cover 84 percent of Africa’s population, but only 22 percent uses such services. And the average African business lags in the use of smartphones and computers as well as more sophisticated digital technologies that catalyze further productivity gains. Two issues explain the usage gap: affordability of these new technologies and willingness to use them. For the 40 percent of Africans below the extreme poverty line, mobile data plans alone would cost one-third of their incomes—in addition to the price of access devices, apps, and electricity. Data plans for small- and medium-size businesses are also more expensive than in other regions. Moreover, shortcomings in the quality of internet services—and in the supply of attractive, skills-appropriate apps that promote entrepreneurship and raise earnings—dampen people’s willingness to use them. For those countries already using these technologies, the development payoffs are significant. New empirical studies for this report add to the rapidly growing evidence that mobile internet availability directly raises enterprise productivity, increases jobs, and reduces poverty throughout Africa. To realize these and other benefits more widely, Africa’s countries must implement complementary and mutually reinforcing policies to strengthen both consumers’ ability to pay and willingness to use digital technologies. These interventions must prioritize productive use to generate large numbers of inclusive jobs in a region poised to benefit from a massive, youthful workforce—one projected to become the world’s largest by the end of this century.
  • Publication
    Ethiopia Poverty and Equity Assessment
    (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-01-13) World Bank
    Ethiopia has seen many changes since 2016, which until now, has been the reference year for data about the level and pattern of poverty in the country. The narrative around poverty was that years of high growth resulted in a significant reduction in poverty, but by less than expected because growth was uneven between rural and urban areas which received most of the gains from growth and there was a slow shift of labor from agriculture into the fast-growing segments of the economy. Since 2016, GDP per capita growth has decelerated—to 4.6 percent during 2016-2022 compared to nearly 7.4 percent during 2010-2016—not least because of multiple crises, including a global pandemic, droughts, locust infestation, conflict, and market shocks. This Poverty and Equity Assessment (PEA) updates the understanding of poverty and inequality in the country, using new data collected from 2021. This data was collected amidst security concerns, which posed challenges during the data collection process. Despite these challenges, data quality checks have verified that the collected information is reliable and representative of the country, excluding areas that were inaccessible, such as Tigray. The PEA updates statistics on poverty rates, inequality, the poverty profile, and identifies the drivers of these trends (Part 1). It provides an in-depth understanding of the key drivers of poverty in the country (Part 2) and charts the course for reducing poverty in the years to come (Part 3). Below are some high-level messages drawn from the analysis presented in the seven chapters of the report. Additional details are accessible in background papers accompanying the report.
  • Publication
    Predicting School Dropout with Administrative Data
    (Taylor and Francis, 2018) Ham, Andres; Adelman, Melissa; Vazquez, Emmanuel; Haimovich, Francisco
    School dropout is a growing concern across Latin America because of its negative social and economic consequences. Identifying who is likely to drop out, and therefore could be targeted for interventions, is a well-studied prediction problem in countries with strong administrative data. In this paper, we use new data in Guatemala and Honduras to estimate some of the first dropout prediction models for lower-middle income countries. These models correctly identify 80% of sixth grade students who will drop out within the next year, performing better than other commonly used targeting approaches and as well as models used in the United States.