Publication:
How Do Agricultural Import Tariffs Affect Men and Women Smallholders?: Evidence from Bangladesh

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dc.contributor.authorGrown, Caren
dc.contributor.authorKoolwal, Gayatri
dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Nasiruddin
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-10T19:46:06Z
dc.date.available2023-07-10T19:46:06Z
dc.date.issued2023-07-10
dc.description.abstractUsing newly available customs data from Bangladesh, along with additional administrative and survey data, this study examines how variation in import tariffs on key agricultural inputs affects men’s and women’s agricultural employment and production—given a high degree of segmentation among men and women in different agricultural activities. In Bangladesh, women and men in agriculture are typically smallholders and maintain distinct occupations within the sector (women in livestock and poultry rearing, and men in crop agriculture). These areas are both heavily dependent on imported commodities (grains and oilseed for livestock and poultry feed, as well as seeds and fertilizer for crop agriculture). The paper shows that import tariff rates are much higher on feed-related inputs; imported inputs for crop agriculture, such as fertilizer, are also heavily subsidized. The paper also shows that the higher resulting prices for inputs used in feed are significantly negatively associated with employment and earnings in poultry and livestock activity, where women are heavily concentrated. Among those marketing output, earnings also tend to be substantially higher in crop agriculture than in livestock/poultry activity, underscoring the need for closely examining how import tariffs can affect more vulnerable groups. Individual producers are also heavily reliant on livestock for own-consumption activity, reducing their ability to pass on increased input costs.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099928106152339818/IDU033d4196f045d8042410819b0b8670d674df3
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10488
dc.identifier.urihttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39970
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research Working Papers; 10488
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectTRADE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL LABOR
dc.subjectINPUT MARKETS
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectBANGLADESH
dc.titleHow Do Agricultural Import Tariffs Affect Men and Women Smallholders?en
dc.title.subtitleEvidence from Bangladeshen
dc.typeWorking Paper
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleHow Do Agricultural Import Tariffs Affect Men and Women Smallholders?: Evidence from Bangladesh
okr.date.disclosure2023-06-15
okr.date.lastmodified2023-06-20T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypePolicy Research Working Paper
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099928106152339818/IDU033d4196f045d8042410819b0b8670d674df3
okr.guid099928106152339818
okr.identifier.docmidIDU-33d4196f-45d8-4241-819b-b8670d674df3
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-10488
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34094526
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34094526
okr.identifier.reportWPS10488
okr.import.id1031
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099928106152339818/pdf/IDU033d4196f045d8042410819b0b8670d674df3.pdfen
okr.region.countryBangladesh
okr.sectorCentral Government (Central Agencies)
okr.themePublic Expenditure Policy,Gender,Human Development and Gender,Economic Policy,Fiscal Policy,Tax policy
okr.topicAgriculture::Agricultural Sector Economics
okr.topicGender::Gender and Public Expenditures
okr.topicGender::Gender and Rural Development
okr.topicGender::Gender and Economic Policy
okr.topicAgriculture::Food Security
okr.unitEFI-MTI-Macro/Fiscal-Tax (EMFTX)
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationc590f6ec-6097-50a5-baa6-a4e6959a70b2
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryc590f6ec-6097-50a5-baa6-a4e6959a70b2
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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