Women in Development and Gender Study

156 items available

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https://hdl.handle.net/10986/2190

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Catalog of Tools, Mechanisms, and Initiatives for Reducing Gender Inequalities in Land Tenure in Senegal
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-11) World Bank
In Senegal, despite the existence of legal provisions and international commitments aimed at promoting gender equality in land rights, women continue to face significant challenges in accessing and controlling land. While the Constitution of 2001 explicitly prohibits gender discrimination in matters of property rights, traditional practices and patriarchal norms often limit women's access to land. Traditionally, land is a collective family asset under the control of the head of household, and the rights obtained by women are generally temporary and secondary in nature, with women rarely receiving full administrative rights to the land. Additionally, women's limited knowledge of land access procedures and the influence of patriarchal norms contribute to their marginalization in land matters. To overcome these constraints, women are creating their own strategies, such as collective access. This Gender-Land Gap analysis is in two parts: first, a report outlining the key issues and constraints for women’s land rights in Senegal along with a set of recommendations to improve the situation for women’s land rights in Senegal; and second, a catalog of interventions that support women’s land rights and can be scaled up in
Land Rights and Gender Inequality in Senegal
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-11) World Bank
In Senegal, despite the existence of legal provisions and international commitments aimed at promoting gender equality in land rights, women continue to face significant challenges in accessing and controlling land. While the Constitution of 2001 explicitly prohibits gender discrimination in matters of property rights, traditional practices and patriarchal norms often limit women's access to land. Traditionally, land is a collective family asset under the control of the head of household, and the rights obtained by women are generally temporary and secondary in nature, with women rarely receiving full administrative rights to the land. Additionally, women's limited knowledge of land access procedures and the influence of patriarchal norms contribute to their marginalization in land matters. To overcome these constraints, women are creating their own strategies, such as collective access. This Gender-Land Gap analysis is in two parts: first, a report outlining the key issues and constraints for women’s land rights in Senegal along with a set of recommendations to improve the situation for women’s land rights in Senegal; and second, a catalog of interventions that support women’s land rights and can be scaled up in
Breaking Barriers to Women’s Employment in Azerbaijan
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-11-11) Kurshitashvili, Nato; Mustafayeva, Shamsiyya; Mammadov, Tural; Mynbayeva, Jans; Kelly, Sam; Newitt, Kirsten
This report explores the key issues relating to women’s employment in Azerbaijan and offers recommendations to policymakers and companies for tackling gender-based occupational segregation in the labor market and increasing women’s participation in sectors where they are underrepresented. The report specifically examines gender gaps within the transport sector, presenting the findings of gender assessments conducted for state-owned enterprises (SOEs) Azerbaijan Railways (ADY) and International Trade and Sea Port of Baku (PoB) as part of the World Bank’s Strengthening women’s human capital for their better labor market outcomes 2023-2024 initiative within the European Union (EU)-funded Azerbaijan Rapid Technical Assistance Facility (AZTAF). The insights and recommendations presented in this report are relevant to a broad range of stakeholders committed to fostering equal opportunity in the workplace and strengthening women’s human capital in Azerbaijan and beyond, including policymakers and companies in transport and other male-dominated sectors. They are particularly pertinent to large male-dominated organizations in the early stages of formulating their gender strategies and undergoing significant modernization efforts within transport and related fields.
Connecting Economies, Empowering Women: Regional Trade and Connectivity in South Asia
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-25) World Bank
The World Bank’s South Asia Regional Integration and Engagement Program supports transboundary cooperation for greater connectivity, cross-border trade, climate resilience, and human development in the region. Gender inclusion is a key focus of the program, ensuring that all women stakeholders benefit equitably from regional integration efforts. With support from the South Asia Regional Trade Facilitation Program (SARTFP), which was financed by the Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the World Bank promoted regional growth and women’s economic empowerment through trade and connectivity primarily along the Eastern Corridor of South Asia across the BBIN #Bangladesh, #Bhutan, #India, and #Nepal countries. This booklet shares stories of women beneficiaries of World Bank-supported projects to highlight how these interventions led to greater economic participation of women.
The Care Economy in Indonesia: A Pathway for Women’s Economic Participation and Social Well-being
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-08-12) World Bank
Indonesia has achieved impressive growth and poverty reduction in the past two decades, while closing gender gaps. Yet, there has been little change in women’s economic participation. The female labor force participation (FLFP) rate has remained unchanged for the last two decades at around 53 percent, compared to around 81 percent for males, despite improvements in women’s educational attainment and fertility, and the overall increase in economic opportunities. While 90 percent of married men work uninterrupted from ages 20 to 60, married women reach their peak labor force participation (LFP) rate at around age 45. It is well-documented that care and family responsibilities are among the most significant barriers to women’s economic participation in Indonesia. Social norms position women as the primary caregivers, and men as breadwinners. Workplace policies do not accommodate social expectations from women to balance paid work with their care roles or incentivize the redistribution of care roles between men and women. An enabling care economy, the sector of economic activities related to providing care, including paid and unpaid labor and services, is critical to promoting women’s entry and retention in the workforce and for promoting long-term social well-being. The success of Indonesia’s efforts to strengthen its care economy depends on the extent to which different elements of the care ecosystem work together. This includes, but goes beyond, improvements to the ECED or PAUD system. The Care Economy Roadmap and National Action Plan 2025–2045 provides a robust framework for Indonesia to align initiatives and incentives around a common vision while strengthening the weaknesses of the existing landscape. Possible actions that GoI can take in the first few years of roadmap implementation, informed by the detailed analysis in this report and lessons from other contexts, will set the pace at which Indonesia moves toward achieving its care economy targets by 2045.
The Future is Female: An Assessment of Growth-Oriented, Opportunity-Driven, Women-Owned Enterprises in Rural India
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-24) World Bank; The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Women are an untapped resource for economic development across the world, particularly in developing countries like India. Entrepreneurship is a critical avenue for women’s empowerment, leads to substantial benefits for the health and well-being of families and communities and represents a sizable proportion of women’s paid work in several countries. In India, where female labor force participation is declining, entrepreneurship and effective participation in the labor market are vital for socioeconomic development. Typically, women-owned enterprises operate at a smaller scale, in low-growth sectors and are financed by their savings. Women’s entrepreneurship in India is dominated by subsistence micro-enterprises. Of the 5.2 million women-owned enterprises located in rural India, 86.9 percent operate without hired labor, 79 percent are self-financed, and 60 percent are in the manufacturing sector. There is a lacuna in the available knowledge on women entrepreneurs, the growth potential of their enterprises and the constraints they face, even as programs supporting female entrepreneurs have gained momentum across the globe. Learning about growth-oriented women entrepreneurs, the life cycle of their enterprises, the factors that affect the current and future growth of their firms, and the support their businesses need, are prerequisites for interventions, support, and policymaking. The study situates rural growth-oriented enterprises amongst the wider universe of women-owned micro-enterprises. It analyses design principles, features, interventions, frameworks, and tools that promote growth-oriented entrepreneurship among rural women. The research methodology combines a review of existing literature, a spatial analysis of where growth-oriented enterprises are concentrated and a primary survey.
A Development Approach to Advancing Gender Engagement and Addressing Gender Inequalities in Fragile, Conflict, and Violent Situations
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-07-15) World Bank
Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) affects women, men, girls, and boys differently. FCV tends to exacerbate gender disparities in education, health, economic participation, voice, and agency. The number of people living in FCV settings is at a record high due to ongoing and new conflicts. FCV countries make up the ten worst-performing countries on several indicators that are critical for gender equality, including maternal mortality, school enrollment, and reproductive health care. There are several existing processes and instruments that task teams can draw on to maximize gender outcomes in FCV contexts. The objective of this approach paper is to identify practices and approaches in the design, implementation, monitoring, and measuring of interventions and operations that respond to the differentiated needs of women, girls, men, and boys, and contribute towards addressing gender inequalities in FCV countries. The approach paper features selected operational highlights showcasing regional experiences, lessons learned, and best practices on addressing gender inequalities in FCV settings. Additionally, it includes an action plan outlining steps to elevate gender issues and responses beyond individual projects to more strategic country engagements.
Empowering Women for Climate Resilience in Cambodia
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-27) World Bank
Cambodia has experienced significant economic growth and improved living standards over the last two decades, and gender equality has also improved, especially on outcomes such as girls and women’s human capital accumulation in education. However, the impacts of climate change could put the hard-earned economic development gains including those of women, at risk. Climate change impacts are profoundly uneven; women in low-income communities and other vulnerable groups are disproportionately affected because of social and economic factors that increase their vulnerability. Specifically, more women than men live below the poverty line, limiting women’s access to resilient housing, safe water, and sanitation in Cambodia. This situation is further exacerbated by persistent inequalities in terms of access to jobs, livelihood opportunities, finance, and information. Therefore, addressing climate change needs to be combined with efforts to address gender inequalities to ensure women and men can benefit equitably from climate policies and actions. Cambodia has made concerted efforts to address climate change and to transition to low-carbon development. This report aims to inform policy makers, national and local government actors, World Bank task teams, and development partners on opportunities to ensure climate resilient actions are also addressing differentiated needs of women and men and ensure equitable development outcomes. It examines gender-differentiated climate vulnerabilities and how these relate to changes in local livelihood strategies and broader responses to cope with climate change impacts. Furthermore, it identifies barriers to enhancing women’s climate resilience and suggests entry points in low-carbon sectors to enhance women’s economic empowerment and resilience against climate shocks.
Women’s Advancement in Banking in Emerging South Asian Countries: Findings and Recommendations for Sri Lanka
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-25) International Finance Corporation (IFC)
Global evidence is mounting that more gender diversity in banking, including having more women in leadership, leads to better outcomes for organizations, their employees, and investors. There is increasing recognition of the importance of workforce diversity and equity along various dimensions, including gender. While this insight is global, the barriers and pathways to achieving greater women’s representation in leadership vary by country and region. In 2022-23, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) initiated a multi-country research study focusing on women’s advancement in private commercial banking in South Asia. While the insights and recommendations of the wider study are compiled in a multi-country report, this edition is a complementary country brief focused on Sri Lanka. It spotlights the key findings that emerged from the country and is based on an employee survey covering employees across seven banks and an organization survey filled by six human resource (HR) departments. This brief is intended to help industry actors - C-suite leaders in commercial banks, policymakers, industry bodies, and investors direct their efforts toward increasing the representation of women in the industry’s leadership.
Gender-Responsive Climate Governance and the Role of Women Leaders: A Study of How Companies in Emerging Markets and Developing Economies are Embracing Gender-Inclusive Climate Strategies and Actions
(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-06-25) International Finance Corporation (IFC)
This study explores the intersection between climate governance and gender diversity and inclusion (gender D&I) in companies based in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). It expands the emerging research field of gender-responsive climate action by starting to fill a critical knowledge gap: how businesses in EMDEs are engaging with the gendered dynamics of climate change in their governance practices, policies, and actions. The study uncovers ways in which women leaders are or could be shaping businesses’ climate action. It unveils insights into good practices and guidance for board members, executive management, and other relevant stakeholders, including stock exchanges and market regulators operating in EMDE contexts. Importantly, given this emerging area of exploration, the study also identifies pathways for future research and development of practical tools to support action. The study is grounded in a literature review of existing evidence on the climate and gender nexus in business practices and the role of women business leaders in driving progress. Findings are based on a survey of over 600 business leaders, including more than 400 from EMDEs, information gathered from focus groups, and interviews and focus groups with more than 30 experts and business practitioners in both EMDE and global contexts.