Publication:
Improving Access to HIV/AIDS Medicines in Africa : Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Flexibilities

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorOsewe, Patrick L.
dc.contributor.authorNkrumah, Yvonne K.
dc.contributor.authorSackey, Emmanuel K.
dc.date.accessioned2013-05-24T16:56:50Z
dc.date.available2013-05-24T16:56:50Z
dc.date.issued2010-04-20
dc.description.abstractThe study begins with an overview of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement and its flexibilities, delineating the legal requirements of the TRIPS agreement regarding their use. It then examines the challenges entailed in the beneficial interpretation and implementation of the TRIPS agreement at both the national and regional levels under the auspices of African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI). The next section reviews the domestic antiretroviral (ARV) production experiences of Zimbabwe, Kenya, South Africa, and Ghana with an eye for evaluating the option of sustainable local production. The study is based on existing literature and on interaction with various key players and resource persons in government institutions, the private sector, and civil society groups, especially nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) at the national level. Information was gathered from officials of the regional patent institutions, OAPI and ARIPO, along with official documents of these institutions. International organizations involved in HIV/AIDS work in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) also provided input. The study was conducted under considerable time and logistical constraints, making it difficult to meet and interview all the persons that the authors wished to consult during travel across the African continent. Another limitation was the lack of an easily accessible database on ARVs and other HIV/AIDS medicines being used in Africa, their patent status, and their relative prices. National drug procurement bodies were often reluctant to divulge information on prices and quantities of medicines obtained.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-7544-0
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-7544-0
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13542
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesDirections in Development--Human Development;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectadequate remuneration
dc.subjectadministrative procedures
dc.subjectadministrative process
dc.subjectadministrative processes
dc.subjectaffordable access
dc.subjectAgreement on Trade-Related Aspects
dc.subjectanticompetitive practices
dc.subjectapplicable law
dc.subjectbargaining power
dc.subjectbest practice
dc.subjectbest practices
dc.subjectbilateral agreement
dc.subjectBiotechnology
dc.subjectbrain tumors
dc.subjectcapacity-building
dc.subjectcivil society
dc.subjectCommon Market
dc.subjectcompulsory licenses
dc.subjectCopyright
dc.subjectdecision making
dc.subjectdermatitis
dc.subjectdeveloping world
dc.subjectdispute settlement
dc.subjectDispute Settlement Body
dc.subjectdomestic industries
dc.subjectdomestic laws
dc.subjectdomestic legislation
dc.subjectdomestic market
dc.subjectE-mail
dc.subjectEconomic Community
dc.subjectEuropean Union
dc.subjectexchange rate
dc.subjectexpiry date
dc.subjectexporting country
dc.subjectexternal market
dc.subjectforeign exchange
dc.subjectglobal market
dc.subjectglobal trading
dc.subjectgovernment expenditure
dc.subjectgovernment policy
dc.subjectharmonization
dc.subjectheadaches
dc.subjecthealth care
dc.subjectHealth Services
dc.subjecthospitals
dc.subjectimmunodeficiency
dc.subjectimplementation strategies
dc.subjectimport duty
dc.subjectimporting countries
dc.subjectimporting country
dc.subjectindustrial property
dc.subjectinformation flow
dc.subjectinnovation
dc.subjectinnovations
dc.subjectinstitutional capacity
dc.subjectIntellectual Property
dc.subjectIntellectual Property Organization
dc.subjectintellectual property right
dc.subjectIntellectual Property Rights
dc.subjectinternational agreements
dc.subjectInternational Bank
dc.subjectinternational conventions
dc.subjectinternational law
dc.subjectinternational levels
dc.subjectInternational organizations
dc.subjectinvention
dc.subjectinventions
dc.subjectIP
dc.subjectjoint ventures
dc.subjectlaws
dc.subjectlegal basis
dc.subjectlegal framework
dc.subjectlegal instruments
dc.subjectlegal requirements
dc.subjectlegal status
dc.subjectlicense
dc.subjectLicensing
dc.subjectlicensing agreements
dc.subjectlocal industry
dc.subjectlocal market
dc.subjectLocal Production
dc.subjectmanufacturing
dc.subjectmarket share
dc.subjectmarketing
dc.subjectmaterial
dc.subjectMedicines
dc.subjectmember countries
dc.subjectmember state
dc.subjectmember states
dc.subjectminimum standards
dc.subjectMinisterial Conference
dc.subjectmutual recognition
dc.subjectnational laws
dc.subjectnational legislation
dc.subjectneighboring countries
dc.subjectnontariff barriers
dc.subjectPatent
dc.subjectpatent application
dc.subjectpatent applications
dc.subjectpatent holders
dc.subjectpatent law
dc.subjectpatent laws
dc.subjectpatent protection
dc.subjectpatent rights
dc.subjectpatent systems
dc.subjectPatentability
dc.subjectpatented drugs
dc.subjectPatented products
dc.subjectPatents
dc.subjectpatients
dc.subjectpdf
dc.subjectPhoto
dc.subjectpolicy makers
dc.subjectpreferential treatment
dc.subjectprivate sector
dc.subjectprocurement
dc.subjectprocurement practices
dc.subjectprocurement processes
dc.subjectproduction process
dc.subjectproduction processes
dc.subjectProtection Article
dc.subjectprotection of intellectual property
dc.subjectprotocols
dc.subjectPublic Health
dc.subjectpublic interest
dc.subjectpublic opinion
dc.subjectpublic sector
dc.subjectpurchasing power
dc.subjectquality control
dc.subjectquality of life
dc.subjectqueries
dc.subjectregional basis
dc.subjectregional bodies
dc.subjectregional groups
dc.subjectregional institutions
dc.subjectregional level
dc.subjectregional organizations
dc.subjectRegional Trade
dc.subjectregulatory approval
dc.subjectregulatory authorities
dc.subjectregulatory framework
dc.subjectregulatory regimes
dc.subjectresult
dc.subjectresults
dc.subjectright holder
dc.subjectroyalties
dc.subjectSahara
dc.subjectsearch
dc.subjectsearches
dc.subjectsecure access
dc.subjectSocial security
dc.subjectstandardization
dc.subjectSub-Saharan Africa
dc.subjectsubsidiary rights
dc.subjectsupervision
dc.subjecttechnical assistance
dc.subjecttechnical knowledge
dc.subjecttechnological development
dc.subjecttechnological knowledge
dc.subjecttechnology transfer
dc.subjectTelephone
dc.subjectThe Gambia
dc.subjecttrade areas
dc.subjecttrade dispute
dc.subjecttrade negotiations
dc.subjecttrade rules
dc.subjecttrade sanctions
dc.subjecttrading system
dc.subjecttransition period
dc.subjectTransition Periods
dc.subjectTRIPS Agreement
dc.subjectUnfair Competition
dc.subjectuniversal access
dc.subjectusers
dc.subjectuses
dc.subjectutility model
dc.subjectutility models
dc.subjectvirus
dc.subjectworkers
dc.subjectWorld Trade
dc.subjectWorld Trade Organization
dc.titleImproving Access to HIV/AIDS Medicines in Africa : Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Flexibilitiesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2010-04-20
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid839121468203945814
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-7544-0
okr.identifier.report44815
okr.language.supporteden
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health Monitoring & Evaluation
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Trade and Regional Integration
okr.topicLaw and Development::Real & Intellectual Property Law
okr.topicLaw and Development::Trade Law
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::E-Business
okr.unitHuman Development Division (WBIHD)
relation.isSeriesOfPublication706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Thumbnail Image
Name:
9780821375440.pdf
Size:
914.5 KB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
English PDF
Download
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
9780821375440.txt
Size:
178.48 KB
Format:
Plain Text
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download
Collections
Directions in Development