Publication:
Wood-Based Biomass Energy Development for Sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and Approaches

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-23T17:30:25Z
dc.date.available2017-02-23T17:30:25Z
dc.date.issued2011-09
dc.description.abstractNearly half the world's population and about 81 percent of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) households rely on wood-based biomass energy (fuel wood and charcoal) for cooking. This degree of reliance is far greater than in any other region. While the use of biomass fuels in China, India and much of the developing world has peaked or will do so in the near future, SSA's consumption will either remain at very high levels or even grow over the next few decades. Population growth, coupled with strong urbanization dynamics and relative price changes of alternative fuels, offset the important achievements made over the past decade by significant investments in energy access, rural and urban electrification, off-grid energy developments, and the promotion of alternative energy sources. With increasing economic development, the demand for energy is increasing as well and consumers depend on a broader portfolio of energy sources to satisfy growing energy needs. While electricity and other energy sources are needed to satisfy additional energy needs emerging with economic development, a vast majority of Sub-Saharan African consumers continue to use wood based biomass energy for cooking. Especially electricity is not regarded a suitable alternative for cooking given equipment and use costs. Biomass burning in cook stoves also emits black carbon (BC) as part of visible smoke, which is particulate matter that results from incomplete combustion. Climate science now views BC as the second or third largest warming agent after carbon dioxide, alongside methane. In the case of biomass cooking, the warming effects of BC and the cooling effects of organic carbon that is also emitted during the burning appear to be closely balanced. Given the present uncertainty about the net impact, additional research is currently underway. Black carbon has also an impact at the regional level: it accelerates melting of ice and snow, and contributes to regional pollution which can alter climatic conditions and precipitation patterns over a wide area. This paper advocates that any policy reform should entail a combination of clear rules, transparent enforcement, strong incentives and awareness-creation/capacity development. Key stakeholders and the general public need guidance by way of information campaigns, training, and demonstration projects to ensure that awareness-deficits or false perceptions do not curtail policy implementation. The bureaucratic and administrative barriers e.g. overcomplicated forest management planning requirements, complex fiscal systems and land tenure procedures may inhibit development and thus warrant critical reflection. The regulatory framework needs to integrate externalities in order to promote adequate pricing of charcoal, and thus enhance regional economies.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/843941468009629566/Wood-based-biomass-energy-development-for-Sub-Saharan-Africa-issues-and-approaches
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/26149
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/26149
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesEnergy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP);
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectABSENCE OF OXYGEN
dc.subjectACCESS TO ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectACCESS TO ENERGY
dc.subjectACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICES
dc.subjectACCESS TO MODERN ENERGY
dc.subjectAFFORESTATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL CROPS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL WASTE
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTANTS
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE ENERGY
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectALTERNATIVE FUELS
dc.subjectAPPROACH
dc.subjectATMOSPHERE
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY
dc.subjectBALANCE
dc.subjectBIOFUELS
dc.subjectBIOGAS
dc.subjectBIOMASS
dc.subjectBIOMASS BURNING
dc.subjectBIOMASS ENERGY
dc.subjectBIOMASS ENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subjectBIOMASS ENERGY USE
dc.subjectBIOMASS FUEL
dc.subjectBIOMASS FUELS
dc.subjectBIOMASS PRODUCTION
dc.subjectBIOMASS SECTOR
dc.subjectBIOMASS USE
dc.subjectBLACK CARBON
dc.subjectBURN FUEL
dc.subjectCARBON BIOMASS
dc.subjectCARBON CREDITS
dc.subjectCARBON DIOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON FINANCE
dc.subjectCARBON FUND
dc.subjectCARBON MONOXIDE
dc.subjectCARBON NEUTRAL
dc.subjectCARBON SEQUESTRATION
dc.subjectCARBON SINK
dc.subjectCARBONIZATION
dc.subjectCHARCOAL
dc.subjectCHARCOAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectCHRONIC BRONCHITIS
dc.subjectCLEAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectCLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
dc.subjectCLEAN ENERGY
dc.subjectCLEAN ENERGY INVESTMENT
dc.subjectCLIMATE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE
dc.subjectCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
dc.subjectCLIMATIC CONDITIONS
dc.subjectCO
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectCOAL
dc.subjectCOLLECTION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectCOLORS
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION CHAMBER
dc.subjectCOMBUSTION PROCESS
dc.subjectCOMMERCIAL ENERGY
dc.subjectCONVERSION EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectCONVERSION OF WOOD
dc.subjectCOOKING
dc.subjectCROP
dc.subjectCROP WASTE
dc.subjectDEFORESTATION
dc.subjectDEGRADED LANDS
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR ENERGY
dc.subjectDUNG
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC VALUE
dc.subjectEFFICIENT STOVES
dc.subjectELECTRIC GRID
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRIFICATION
dc.subjectEMISSION
dc.subjectEMISSION REDUCTIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM ENERGY
dc.subjectEMISSIONS FROM LAND USE
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectENERGY DEMAND
dc.subjectENERGY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectENERGY DEVELOPMENTS
dc.subjectENERGY EFFICIENCY
dc.subjectENERGY MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectENERGY NEEDS
dc.subjectENERGY OUTLOOK
dc.subjectENERGY PLANNING
dc.subjectENERGY POVERTY
dc.subjectENERGY PRICE
dc.subjectENERGY PROJECT
dc.subjectENERGY RESOURCES
dc.subjectENERGY SECTORS
dc.subjectENERGY SECURITY
dc.subjectENERGY SOURCE
dc.subjectENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectENERGY STRATEGIES
dc.subjectENERGY STRATEGY
dc.subjectENERGY USE
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
dc.subjectETHANOL
dc.subjectEUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS
dc.subjectEUCALYPTUS TREES
dc.subjectEXPLOITATION
dc.subjectFOREST
dc.subjectFOREST AREA
dc.subjectFOREST AREAS
dc.subjectFOREST CARBON
dc.subjectFOREST COVER
dc.subjectFOREST DEGRADATION
dc.subjectFOREST ECOSYSTEM
dc.subjectFOREST INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREST LAW
dc.subjectFOREST LOSS
dc.subjectFOREST MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectFOREST REMOVAL
dc.subjectFOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectFOREST RESOURCES
dc.subjectFOREST SERVICE
dc.subjectFOREST STOCKS
dc.subjectFORESTRY
dc.subjectFORESTRY PROJECTS
dc.subjectFORESTRY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectFORESTS
dc.subjectFOSSIL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUELS
dc.subjectFUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFUEL SOURCE
dc.subjectFUEL SOURCES
dc.subjectFUEL SWITCHING
dc.subjectFUEL TYPES
dc.subjectFUEL USE
dc.subjectFUEL WOOD
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectFUELWOOD RESOURCES
dc.subjectGENERATION
dc.subjectGHG
dc.subjectGHGS
dc.subjectGLOBAL WARMING
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GAS
dc.subjectGREENHOUSE GASES
dc.subjectGRID ELECTRICITY
dc.subjectHEAT
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENERGY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD ENERGY USE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FORESTRY RESEARCH
dc.subjectINVESTMENTS IN ENERGY
dc.subjectJATROPHA
dc.subjectKEROSENE
dc.subjectLAND DEGRADATION
dc.subjectLIGHTING
dc.subjectLIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectLOSS OF FOREST
dc.subjectLOW-CARBON
dc.subjectMETHANE
dc.subjectMODERN FUELS
dc.subjectNATURAL FORESTS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNUTRIENT CONTENT
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL EQUIVALENT
dc.subjectORGANIC CARBON
dc.subjectOXYGEN
dc.subjectPARTICLES
dc.subjectPARTICULATE
dc.subjectPARTICULATE MATTER
dc.subjectPETROLEUM
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPRECIPITATION
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENERGY
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENERGY SOURCE
dc.subjectPRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
dc.subjectPRIMARY SOURCE OF ENERGY
dc.subjectPRODUCTION OF CHARCOAL
dc.subjectPYROLYSIS
dc.subjectQUANTITY OF FUEL
dc.subjectRAIN
dc.subjectRAW MATERIAL
dc.subjectREDUCING EMISSIONS
dc.subjectRELIABILITY OF SUPPLY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY PROGRAM
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
dc.subjectRENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
dc.subjectRESIDENTIAL ENERGY
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectRURAL ENERGY
dc.subjectRURAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRURAL HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectRURAL USERS
dc.subjectSMOKE
dc.subjectSOLID BIOMASS
dc.subjectSOLID BIOMASS FUEL
dc.subjectSOLID FUELS
dc.subjectSOURCE OF ENERGY
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE FOREST
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectTAX REVENUES
dc.subjectTONS OF CARBON
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL BIOMASS
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL ENERGY SECTOR
dc.subjectUNEP
dc.subjectURBAN HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectUSE OF BIOMASS
dc.subjectVILLAGE LEVELS
dc.subjectWIND
dc.subjectWOOD BURNING
dc.subjectWOOD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectWOOD ENERGY
dc.subjectWOOD FUEL
dc.subjectWOOD FUELS
dc.subjectWOOD SPECIES
dc.subjectWOODY BIOMASS
dc.titleWood-Based Biomass Energy Development for Sub-Saharan Africaen
dc.title.subtitleIssues and Approachesen
dc.typeReporten
dc.typeRapportfr
dc.typeInformees
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleWood-Based Biomass Energy Development for Sub-Saharan Africa
okr.date.disclosure2012-12-27
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-05T12:27:54.793882Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::ESMAP Paper
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/843941468009629566/Wood-based-biomass-energy-development-for-Sub-Saharan-Africa-issues-and-approaches
okr.guid843941468009629566
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000386194_20121227062926
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum17121432
okr.identifier.report74545
okr.importedtrue
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/843941468009629566/pdf/NonAsciiFileName0.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.region.geographicalSub-Saharan Africa
okr.topicEnergy::Energy Production and Transportation
okr.topicEnergy::Energy and Environment
okr.topicEnergy::Renewable Energy
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicEnvironment::Environmental Economics & Policies
okr.unitAFT: Sustainable Dev Fr. Office (AFTSN)
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