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Reducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Options

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dc.contributor.authorSutton, William R.
dc.contributor.authorSrivastava, Jitendra P.
dc.contributor.authorNeumann, James E.
dc.contributor.authorStrzępek, Kenneth M.
dc.contributor.authorBoehlert, Brent B.
dc.date.accessioned2013-10-25T20:27:33Z
dc.date.available2013-10-25T20:27:33Z
dc.date.issued2013-10-03
dc.description.abstractAgricultural production is inextricably tied to climate, making agriculture one of the most climate-sensitive of all economic sectors. In countries such as the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia, the risks of climate change for the agricultural sector are a particularly immediate and important problem because the majority of the rural population depends either directly or indirectly on agriculture for their livelihoods. Climate impacts can therefore undermine progress that has been made in poverty reduction and adversely impact food security and economic growth in vulnerable rural areas. In order to be effective, a plan for adapting the sector to climate change must strengthen both human capital and physical capital in their capacity. The need to adapt to climate change in all sectors is now on the agenda of national governments and development partners. As a result, development partners will continue to have an important role in enhancing the adaptive capacity of the Macedonian agricultural sector. Another key factor for FYR Macedonia's development of an adaptation plan for agriculture is furthering FYR Macedonia's work toward European Union (EU) accession, for which FYR Macedonia has been a candidate since 2005. The Macedonian government has already begun to focus on required EU reforms, including work on the agriculture strengthening and accession project with the World Bank. Along with these needed reforms, the EU encourages action toward climate change preparedness and adaptation. This report provides a menu of climate change adaptation options for the agriculture and water resources sectors, along with specific recommendations for adaptation actions that are tailored to distinct agro-ecological zones (AEZs) within FYR Macedonia. This report is structured as follows: chapter one gives current conditions for Macedonian agriculture and climate; chapter two presents design and methodology; chapter three deals with impacts of climate change on agriculture in FYR Macedonia; chapter four deals with identification of adaptation options for managing risk to FYR Macedonia's agricultural systems; chapter five presents cost-benefit analysis; and chapter six gives options to improve climate resilience of FYR Macedonia's agricultural sector.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-1-4648-0043-6
dc.identifier.issn978-1-4648-0043-6
dc.identifier.other10.1596/978-1-4648-0043-6
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/16201
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Study;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectacid
dc.subjectacid rain
dc.subjectagricultural area
dc.subjectagricultural crop
dc.subjectagricultural economy
dc.subjectagricultural education
dc.subjectagricultural experts
dc.subjectagricultural extension
dc.subjectagricultural extension service
dc.subjectagricultural land
dc.subjectAgricultural markets
dc.subjectagricultural policies
dc.subjectAgricultural Policy
dc.subjectagricultural practices
dc.subjectAgricultural Production
dc.subjectagricultural productivity
dc.subjectAgricultural Products
dc.subjectagricultural research
dc.subjectagricultural research centers
dc.subjectAgricultural research institutes
dc.subjectAgricultural Systems
dc.subjectAgriculture
dc.subjectAgriculture Organization
dc.subjectagronomic practices
dc.subjectagronomists
dc.subjectaltitude
dc.subjectanimals
dc.subjectannual precipitation
dc.subjectassessment of climate risks
dc.subjectAverage yield
dc.subjectaverage yields
dc.subjectCapacity Building
dc.subjectcarbon
dc.subjectcarbon dioxide
dc.subjectcarbon dioxide concentrations
dc.subjectCattle
dc.subjectcereal crops
dc.subjectcereals
dc.subjectClimate
dc.subjectclimate adaptation
dc.subjectClimate Change
dc.subjectclimate change adaptation
dc.subjectClimate Change Analysis
dc.subjectClimate Change IMPACT
dc.subjectClimate Change IMPACT ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectClimate Change Impacts
dc.subjectclimate change scenarios
dc.subjectclimate changes
dc.subjectclimate conditions
dc.subjectclimate data
dc.subjectclimate hazard
dc.subjectClimate Hazards
dc.subjectClimate Impact
dc.subjectClimate Impacts
dc.subjectClimate Resilience
dc.subjectClimate Scenario
dc.subjectClimate Scenarios
dc.subjectclimate variability
dc.subjectClimatic changes
dc.subjectCO2
dc.subjectcolors
dc.subjectConsultative Group on International Agricultural Research
dc.subjectCost Analysis
dc.subjectCrop
dc.subjectcrop areas
dc.subjectCrop damage
dc.subjectcrop growth
dc.subjectcrop losses
dc.subjectcrop management
dc.subjectcrop production
dc.subjectcrop residues
dc.subjectcrop rotations
dc.subjectCrop Varieties
dc.subjectCrop Yield
dc.subjectCrop Yields
dc.subjectCrops
dc.subjectcultivated land
dc.subjectdeforestation
dc.subjectdiseases
dc.subjectdrip irrigation
dc.subjectdrought
dc.subjectEcological Zones
dc.subjecteconomics of adaptation to climate change
dc.subjectEffect of Climate Change
dc.subjecteffect of temperature
dc.subjecterosion control
dc.subjectEuropean Commission
dc.subjectevaporation
dc.subjectevapotranspiration
dc.subjectExtension Agency
dc.subjectextension agents
dc.subjectextreme events
dc.subjectextreme heat
dc.subjectextreme heat events
dc.subjectextreme weather
dc.subjectextreme weather events
dc.subjectFAO
dc.subjectFarmers
dc.subjectfarming
dc.subjectfarmland
dc.subjectfarms
dc.subjectFertilization
dc.subjectfloods
dc.subjectfood security
dc.subjectFord Foundation
dc.subjectforest
dc.subjectforest ecosystems
dc.subjectForestry
dc.subjectforests
dc.subjectFramework Convention on Climate Change
dc.subjectfrost
dc.subjectfruits
dc.subjectfuture climate change
dc.subjectGCM
dc.subjectgeneral circulation model
dc.subjectGIS
dc.subjectGoats
dc.subjectGrain
dc.subjectgreen houses
dc.subjectGreen Revolution
dc.subjectGreenhouse
dc.subjectGreenhouse Gas
dc.subjectgreenhouse gas emission
dc.subjectgreenhouse gas emission reductions
dc.subjectgreenhouse gas emissions
dc.subjectGreenhouse Gas Mitigation
dc.subjectgreenhouse gases
dc.subjectHail
dc.subjectHigh temperature
dc.subjecthigh yields
dc.subjecthigh-yield crop varieties
dc.subjectICARDA
dc.subjectIFPRI
dc.subjectIMPACT ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectImpact of Climate
dc.subjectImpact of Climate Change
dc.subjectImpacts of Climate Change
dc.subjectimplications of climate change
dc.subjectincrease in temperature
dc.subjectIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
dc.subjectInternational Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas
dc.subjectInternational Food Policy Research Institute
dc.subjectIPCC
dc.subjectIrrigation
dc.subjectirrigation systems
dc.subjectland degradation
dc.subjectLivestock
dc.subjectlower rainfall
dc.subjectMaize
dc.subjectmaize yields
dc.subjectmeteorological data
dc.subjectmeteorological information
dc.subjectMoisture Index
dc.subjectnegative impact
dc.subjectovergrazing
dc.subjectpesticides
dc.subjectpests
dc.subjectplant breeding
dc.subjectplant growth
dc.subjectpollution
dc.subjectpolyethylene
dc.subjectpoverty rates
dc.subjectpoverty reduction
dc.subjectPrecipitation
dc.subjectquantitative analysis
dc.subjectrain
dc.subjectrainfall
dc.subjectresilience to climate change
dc.subjectresistant varieties
dc.subjectrisks of climate change
dc.subjectRiver Basins
dc.subjectRockefeller Foundation
dc.subjectroots
dc.subjectRural Development
dc.subjectRural Development Strategies
dc.subjectrural economies
dc.subjectrural population
dc.subjectScientist
dc.subjectseason
dc.subjectseed varieties
dc.subjectseeds
dc.subjectSheep
dc.subjectsoil conservation
dc.subjectsoil degradation
dc.subjectsoil erosion
dc.subjectsoil moisture
dc.subjectsoil type
dc.subjectsoils
dc.subjectsummer temperature
dc.subjectsunshine
dc.subjectSustainable Development
dc.subjectTemperature
dc.subjecttemperature change
dc.subjecttemperature changes
dc.subjecttemperature increase
dc.subjecttemperature increases
dc.subjecttemperature stress
dc.subjecttemperatures
dc.subjecttrees
dc.subjectUNDP
dc.subjectUnited Nations
dc.subjectUnited Nations Development Programme
dc.subjectvegetable production
dc.subjectvegetables
dc.subjectVulnerability to Climate Change
dc.subjectwater quality
dc.subjectwater resources
dc.subjectWater Use Efficiency
dc.subjectWheat
dc.subjectWheat yields
dc.subjectwind
dc.subjectwinter wheat
dc.subjectworld food supply
dc.subjectyield losses
dc.titleReducing the Vulnerability of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's Agricultural Systems to Climate Change : Impact Assessment and Adaptation Optionsen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaClimate Change
okr.date.disclosure2013-10-03
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeAgriculture
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.guid356081468300722859
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-1-4648-0043-6
okr.identifier.report81590
okr.language.supporteden
okr.peerreviewAcademic Peer Review
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.countryMacedonia, former Yugoslav Republic of
okr.region.countryNorth Macedonia (Formerly the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia)
okr.topicAgriculture::Agricultural Research
okr.topicAgriculture::Climate Change and Agriculture
okr.topicEnvironment::Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Climate Change Economics
okr.topicScience and Technology Development::Science of Climate Change
okr.unitIEG Public Sector (IEGPS)
relation.isAuthorOfPublication9692d50b-f377-4ce3-a4e6-aece06e1d9a5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery9692d50b-f377-4ce3-a4e6-aece06e1d9a5
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