Publication:
Leading Dragons Phenomenon : New Opportunities for Catch-Up in Low-Income Countries

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dc.contributor.authorChandra, Vandana
dc.contributor.authorLin, Justin Yifu
dc.contributor.authorWang, Yan
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T17:29:47Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T17:29:47Z
dc.date.issued2012-03-01
dc.description.abstractModern economic development is accompanied by the structural transformation from an agrarian to an industrial economy and occurs through a process of continuous industrial and technological upgrading. Since the 18th century, all countries that industrialized successfully in Europe, North America and East Asia followed their comparative advantage and leveraged the late-comer advantage to emulate the leader-follower flying geese pattern of industrial upgrading. The large dynamic emerging market countries such as China, India and Brazil are also engaged in industrial upgrading but with a critical difference. In particular, because of its sheer size, China has absorbed nearly all labor-intensive jobs and become the world s largest exporter of labor-intensive products. The current view is that China s dominance hinders poor countries from developing similar industries. The authors argue that industrial upgrading has increased wages and is causing China to graduate from labor-intensive to more capital- and technology-intensive industries. These industries will shed labor and create a huge opportunity for lower wage countries to start a phase of labor-intensive industrialization. This process, called the Leading Dragon Phenomenon, offers an unprecedented opportunity to low-income Sub-Saharan Africa where the industrial sector is underdeveloped and investment capital and entrepreneurial skills are leading constraints to manufacturing. It can seize the opportunity and resolve the constraints by attracting some of the OFDI flowing currently from China, India and Brazil into the manufacturing sectors of other developing countries. All low-income countries will compete but to catch the jobs spillover from China, the winner must implement credible economic development strategies that are consistent with its comparative advantage.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120315164328
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6000
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3288
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relation.ispartofseriesPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 6000
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectABSOLUTE POVERTY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILE
dc.subjectAUTOMOBILES
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEM
dc.subjectBINDING CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectBUSINESSES
dc.subjectCAPABILITIES
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL INTENSITY
dc.subjectCENTRAL BANK
dc.subjectCOMMERCE
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY EXPORTS
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVENESS
dc.subjectCOMPUTERS
dc.subjectCONSUMER GOODS
dc.subjectCOST STRUCTURES
dc.subjectCREDIT RATIONING
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectDATA LIMITATIONS
dc.subjectDEVELOPED COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT AGENCIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectDIVIDENDS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC CURRENCY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC SAVINGS
dc.subjectDYNAMIC EMERGING MARKET
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC HISTORY
dc.subjectECONOMIC PROJECTIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC STRUCTURE
dc.subjectECONOMIC TRENDS
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectELECTRONICS INDUSTRY
dc.subjectEMERGING ECONOMIES
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKET COUNTRIES
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES
dc.subjectEMERGING MARKETS
dc.subjectEMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORT MARKETS
dc.subjectEXPORT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEXPORT PROMOTION
dc.subjectEXPORT SHARE
dc.subjectEXPORT SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectEXPORTER
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNALITIES
dc.subjectEXTREME POVERTY
dc.subjectFACTOR ENDOWMENTS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CAPITAL
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectFOREIGN CAPITAL
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INVESTORS
dc.subjectFOREIGN VALUE
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGLOBAL EXPORTS
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKET
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKETS
dc.subjectGLOBAL SUPPLY CHAINS
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectGNP
dc.subjectGOLD STANDARD
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT CONTRACTS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SUPPORT
dc.subjectGROWTH MODELS
dc.subjectGROWTH PATH
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectGROWTH STRATEGY
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINCOME LEVEL
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINDIVIDUAL FIRMS
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL BASE
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COUNTRY
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE
dc.subjectINDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectINFORMATION COMMUNICATION
dc.subjectINFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectINNOVATIONS
dc.subjectINSTRUMENT
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT CAPITAL
dc.subjectINVESTMENT POLICY
dc.subjectJOINT STOCK COMPANIES
dc.subjectJOINT VENTURES
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectLIBERALIZATION OF TRADE
dc.subjectLICENSE
dc.subjectLICENSES
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectMANAGERIAL SKILLS
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES
dc.subjectMANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
dc.subjectMARKET COMPETITION
dc.subjectMARKET FAILURES
dc.subjectMARKET MECHANISM
dc.subjectMARKET SHARE
dc.subjectMARKET SHARES
dc.subjectMATERIAL
dc.subjectMEDIUM TERM
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectMOV
dc.subjectMULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS
dc.subjectNATIONAL ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectNATIONAL INVESTMENT
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNEW MARKET
dc.subjectNEW PRODUCT
dc.subjectNEW TECHNOLOGIES
dc.subjectNEW TECHNOLOGY
dc.subjectOPEN ACCESS
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMIES
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPER CAPITA GROWTH
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectPOLICY INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY STANCE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subjectPOOR COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPOOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectPOVERTY LINE
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATE
dc.subjectPOVERTY RATES
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIMARY PRODUCTS
dc.subjectPRIVATE CAPITAL
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTORS
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
dc.subjectPROTECTIONISM
dc.subjectPUBLIC WORKS
dc.subjectR&D
dc.subjectRADIOS
dc.subjectRAPID DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectRAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectRAPID INDUSTRIALIZATION
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectRESERVE
dc.subjectRESULT
dc.subjectRESULTS
dc.subjectRETAIL TRADE
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectRICH COUNTRIES
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSEMICONDUCTOR
dc.subjectSETTLEMENT
dc.subjectSKILLED LABOR
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSTATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX COLLECTION
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY FRONTIER
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subjectTELEGRAPH
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE DEFICIT
dc.subjectTRADE REGIME
dc.subjectTRADING
dc.subjectTRANSACTION
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSISTOR
dc.subjectTREATIES
dc.subjectTREATY
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectVALUE CHAIN
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWEB
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleLeading Dragons Phenomenon : New Opportunities for Catch-Up in Low-Income Countriesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleLeading Dragons Phenomenon: New Opportunities for Catch-Up in Low-Income Countries
okr.date.disclosure2012-03-01
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-10T11:02:44.895419Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Policy Research Working Paper
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20120315164328
okr.globalpracticePoverty
okr.guid444511468181490653
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/1813-9450-6000
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000158349_20120315164328
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum15939414
okr.identifier.reportWPS6000
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/03/15/000158349_20120315164328/Rendered/PDF/WPS6000.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEast Asia and Pacific
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.administrativeThe World Region
okr.region.geographicalEast Asia
okr.region.geographicalAsia
okr.relation.associatedurlhttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/16585
okr.topicPoverty Reduction::Achieving Shared Growth
okr.unitDevelopment Research Group (DECRG)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication6f9860c3-5c17-54f1-92fb-9f5055cc0038
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery6f9860c3-5c17-54f1-92fb-9f5055cc0038
relation.isSeriesOfPublication26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery26e071dc-b0bf-409c-b982-df2970295c87
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