Publication: Environmental Issues in the Power Sector : Long-Term Impacts and Policy Options for Karnataka
Loading...
Date
2004-10
ISSN
Published
2004-10
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
This study of the long-term environmental impacts and policy options for power sector development in Karnataka, is one of a series undertaken by the Bank, in cooperation with the Government of India and state governments. It is a follow-up to the broader study Environmental Issues in the Power Sector (EIPS) (ESMAP/World Bank 1998), and the general methodology developed for EIPS, is used for this analysis. The study begins by evaluating the impacts of the baseline reform scenario, and then perturbs this scenario for the options examined, including a scenario of "stalled reform," to enable assessment of the costs and benefits of reform. Because Karnataka has already implemented significant reform measures, "no reform" (as used in the original 1998 EIPS study) is not a useful scenario. The critical insight of this study is that the damage costs of emissions from grid-based fossil plants are between one and two orders of magnitude smaller than those of captive and self-generation units, emissions from which are essentially uncontrolled, and occur in more populated areas at, or near ground level. The report addresses the coal-by-wire option, which would shift from Karnataka to the producing states the environmental impacts that are associated with coal generation. It may well be that the producing states will as a result, have to impose much higher coal royalties, and, it is also likely that coal-producing areas would encounter water resource constraints: while Karnataka is a drought-prone state for which the opportunity costs of consumptive use are higher than in the eastern states of Bihar and Orissa, it is unclear if mine-mouth projects in those states could serve the bulk of the power needs of both southern, and northern India in the decade 2010-2020. The study highlights that power sector reform is the single most important step that may be taken to mitigate the environmental impacts of the power sector, while tariff reform is the second most important policy option for environmental sustainability, with demand-side management being a win-win factor. Consumptive water use for thermal generation is a major issue in Karnataka. Gas combined-cycle combustion turbines, which are attractive for their relatively low air emissions, consume only one third of the water that a steam-cycle project uses. The use of imported coal would be a viable option for Karnataka, if the existing customs duty on imported coal were to be removed. This study shows that the probable capital cost decreases for wind power, would still permit an acceptable rate of return for developers, but that the pace of new projects may slow as only the best sites will warrant development under the new tariff.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2004. Environmental Issues in the Power Sector : Long-Term Impacts and Policy Options for Karnataka. Energy Sector Management Assistance Program
(ESMAP);no. ESM 293. © http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18083 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Turkey - Energy and the Environment : Issues and Options Paper(Washington, DC, 2000-04)This report represents an initial effort to assist Turkey in developing its energy-environment strategy. It represents the first phase of the Turkey Energy and Environment Review. A previous draft of the paper, translated into Turkish, served as the basic discussion document at an Energy and Environment workshop on the environmental impact of energy development in turkey held in Ankara on November 12, 1999. The five break-out sessions covered improved energy efficiency, inter-fuel substitution, institutional/legal//regulatory measures and market-based instruments, Turkish options to participate in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and improved technologies and practices. This revised version of that paper includes the workshop's main findings and recommendations and discusses the priorities for further work suggested by workshop participants.Publication Technical and Economic Assessment of Off-grid, Mini-grid and Grid Electrification Technologies(Washington, DC, 2007-12)This report is part of the Energy and Water Department's commitment to providing new techniques and knowledge which complement the direct investment and other assistance to electrification as provided by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). The purpose of this report is to convey the results of an assessment of the current and future economic readiness of electric power generation alternatives for developing countries. The objective of the technical and economic assessment was to systematically characterize the commercial and economic prospects of renewable and fossil fuel-fired electricity generation technologies now, and in the near future. The study was designed to cover the widest possible range of electrification applications faced by energy services delivery and power system planners, whether supply is provided through grid networks or stand-alone or mini-grid configurations. The assessment was conducted using a standard approach and is presented in a consistent fashion for each power generation technology configuration. The assessment time frame includes current status and forecast development trends over the period 2005-15, while the economic assessment considers a range of typical operating conditions (peak, off-peak) and grid configurations (off-grid, mini-grid, interconnected grid) for various scales of demand. The technology characterization reflects the current stage of commercialization, including indicative cost reduction trends over 10 years. This study is limited in several ways. First, it is time-bound. It does not reflect new technology developments or new secular trends that have emerged since the terms of reference were formalized. Secondly, it is bound by the available literature. Thirdly, the results are generalized and represent averaging over what are important specific conditions (although the uncertainty analysis accounts for this somewhat).Publication Lessons from Environmental Mainstreaming : Towards Environmental Sustainability(Washington, DC, 2010-12)The paper, Lessons from Environmental Mainstreaming: Towards Environmental Sustainability was completed December 2010. The core message of the 2001 World Bank Environment Strategy was to support developing countries in their efforts to mainstream or integrate environmental considerations into activities of the economic sectors (energy, water supply, urban development, rural development, transport, etc.). The Strategy sought to move beyond mitigating environmental impacts of development, embodied in the Bank s environmental safeguards policies, towards a progressive adoption of environmental aspects across Bank services. The tools suggested to help the Bank s client countries achieve such integration were upstream analytical and advisory inputs for sector decision-making and for improving the understanding of poverty-environment linkages. As an input to the new 2010 World Bank Environment Strategy, this paper aims at assessing the degree of mainstreaming environmental activities in Bank activities, reviewing how this was achieved, and determining whether it helped countries in their environmental management efforts. Furthermore, since the 2010 Environment Strategy seeks to move the World Bank Group towards environmental sustainability, the paper recommends illustrations of environmental outcome indicators as part of the 2010 Strategy's results framework.Publication Wind Energy in Colombia : A Framework for Market Entry(World Bank, 2010-07-01)The purpose of this report is to provide decision makers in Colombia (and by extension other countries or regions), who are considering the deployment or consolidation of wind power, with a set of options to promote its use. The options presented are the result of an analysis of the Colombian market; this analysis included simulations and modeling of the country's power sector, and extensive consultations with operators, managers, and agents. More information on the analysis and simulations is presented in the appendixes. Wind was chosen to exemplify the range of renewable energy alternatives available to complement traditional power sector technologies on the basis of its technical maturity, its relatively low cost compared to other options, the country's experience, and its wind power potential. This report constitutes the second phase of a barrier analysis to wind energy in Colombia.Publication Introducing Energy-efficient Clean Technologies in the Brick Sector of Bangladesh(World Bank, 2011-06-30)This study's objectives are: (i) to present the pros and cons of existing and alternative brick technologies in Bangladesh with specific focus on pollution and energy efficiency; (ii) to estimate the private and social benefits of these technologies (iii) to summarize China's experience in the development of the brick industry, as the world leader brick producer and (iv) to provide concrete recommendations for adopting cleaner technologies in Bangladesh. The study focuses on the brick cluster located in northern Dhaka, which comprises 530 Fixed Chimney Kiln (FCKs) that produce 2.1 billion bricks annually (14 percent of the country's brick production). As the brick sector is a prominent contributor to air pollution in Dhaka, it is important to distinguish its contribution to the city's air pollution from other sources, including transport and other industries. Because of limited data availability, the analysis relies on the most realistic assumptions drawn from monitored data in Bangladesh or neighboring countries (i.e., Nepal and India). As a result, the estimated net returns for each technology are orders of magnitude rather than precise estimates. This report analysis the brick sector in Bangladesh and assesses the feasibility of cleaner alternative technologies.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Growth in the Middle East and North Africa(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-16)This issue of the MENA Economic Update presents a summary of recent macroeconomic trends, including an update of the conflict centered in Gaza and its regional spillovers, alongside an analysis of factors that shape the long-term growth potential of the region, with special attention to the persistent effects of conflicts. A modest uptick in growth is forecast for 2024, which nonetheless masks important disparities within the region. The acceleration is driven by the high-income oil exporters, while growth is expected to decelerate among developing MENA countries, both developing oil exporters and developing oil importers. Despite current challenges, the region can dramatically boost growth by better allocating talent in the labor market, leveraging its strategic location, and promoting innovation. Closing the gender employment gap, rethinking the footprint of the public sector, and facilitating technology transfers through trade under enhanced data quality and transparency can help the region leap toward the frontier. Peace is a pre-condition for catching up to the frontier, as conflict can undo decades of progress, delaying economic development by generations.Publication World Development Report 2006(Washington, DC, 2005)This year’s Word Development Report (WDR), the twenty-eighth, looks at the role of equity in the development process. It defines equity in terms of two basic principles. The first is equal opportunities: that a person’s chances in life should be determined by his or her talents and efforts, rather than by pre-determined circumstances such as race, gender, social or family background. The second principle is the avoidance of extreme deprivation in outcomes, particularly in health, education and consumption levels. This principle thus includes the objective of poverty reduction. The report’s main message is that, in the long run, the pursuit of equity and the pursuit of economic prosperity are complementary. In addition to detailed chapters exploring these and related issues, the Report contains selected data from the World Development Indicators 2005‹an appendix of economic and social data for over 200 countries. This Report offers practical insights for policymakers, executives, scholars, and all those with an interest in economic development.Publication Classroom Assessment to Support Foundational Literacy(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-03-21)This document focuses primarily on how classroom assessment activities can measure students’ literacy skills as they progress along a learning trajectory towards reading fluently and with comprehension by the end of primary school grades. The document addresses considerations regarding the design and implementation of early grade reading classroom assessment, provides examples of assessment activities from a variety of countries and contexts, and discusses the importance of incorporating classroom assessment practices into teacher training and professional development opportunities for teachers. The structure of the document is as follows. The first section presents definitions and addresses basic questions on classroom assessment. Section 2 covers the intersection between assessment and early grade reading by discussing how learning assessment can measure early grade reading skills following the reading learning trajectory. Section 3 compares some of the most common early grade literacy assessment tools with respect to the early grade reading skills and developmental phases. Section 4 of the document addresses teacher training considerations in developing, scoring, and using early grade reading assessment. Additional issues in assessing reading skills in the classroom and using assessment results to improve teaching and learning are reviewed in section 5. Throughout the document, country cases are presented to demonstrate how assessment activities can be implemented in the classroom in different contexts.Publication Argentina Country Climate and Development Report(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11)The Argentina Country Climate and Development Report (CCDR) explores opportunities and identifies trade-offs for aligning Argentina’s growth and poverty reduction policies with its commitments on, and its ability to withstand, climate change. It assesses how the country can: reduce its vulnerability to climate shocks through targeted public and private investments and adequation of social protection. The report also shows how Argentina can seize the benefits of a global decarbonization path to sustain a more robust economic growth through further development of Argentina’s potential for renewable energy, energy efficiency actions, the lithium value chain, as well as climate-smart agriculture (and land use) options. Given Argentina’s context, this CCDR focuses on win-win policies and investments, which have large co-benefits or can contribute to raising the country’s growth while helping to adapt the economy, also considering how human capital actions can accompany a just transition.Publication Lebanon Economic Monitor, Fall 2022(Washington, DC, 2022-11)The economy continues to contract, albeit at a somewhat slower pace. Public finances improved in 2021, but only because spending collapsed faster than revenue generation. Testament to the continued atrophy of Lebanon’s economy, the Lebanese Pound continues to depreciate sharply. The sharp deterioration in the currency continues to drive surging inflation, in triple digits since July 2020, impacting the poor and vulnerable the most. An unprecedented institutional vacuum will likely further delay any agreement on crisis resolution and much needed reforms; this includes prior actions as part of the April 2022 International Monetary Fund (IMF) staff-level agreement (SLA). Divergent views among key stakeholders on how to distribute the financial losses remains the main bottleneck for reaching an agreement on a comprehensive reform agenda. Lebanon needs to urgently adopt a domestic, equitable, and comprehensive solution that is predicated on: (i) addressing upfront the balance sheet impairments, (ii) restoring liquidity, and (iii) adhering to sound global practices of bail-in solutions based on a hierarchy of creditors (starting with banks’ shareholders) that protects small depositors.