Publication:
Egyptian Women Workers and Entrepreneurs : Maximizing Opportunities in the Economic Sphere

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dc.contributor.authorNasr, Sahar
dc.date.accessioned2012-03-19T09:33:00Z
dc.date.available2012-03-19T09:33:00Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.description.abstractWomen are a powerful force for sustainable economic growth. A growing body of microeconomic empirical evidence and emerging macroeconomic analysis shows that gender inequality limits economic growth in developing economies. Research also shows that considerable potential for economic growth could be realized if countries support women's full economic participation. Increases in women's income tend to correlate with greater expenditure on family welfare and children, because women often spend a greater share of their income on their children's nutrition, health care, and education. From an economic perspective, removing gender biases and maintaining a level playing field reduces possible market distortions or malfunctioning. Moreover, promoting women's participation in business may bolster women's overall participation in the labor market, because women-owned businesses are more likely to employ other women. This report analyzes the main reasons for this disparity in the Arab Republic of Egypt and proposes solutions to level the playing field and enable women's full economic contributions. The Investment Climate Survey (ICS) of 1,156 enterprises from the manufacturing sector was carried out in October 2008, using the World Bank standard methodology. The recall questionnaire of 566 enterprises was conducted in October 2008. The gender workers module was conducted in August 2005. It sampled about 15 full-time workers from each firm covered by the ICS recall survey. About 70 percent of the ICS sample is made up of small and medium firms, about 85 percent of which are owned by individuals or families. Large firms employing more than 150 workers account for about 30 percent of the sample. In about 35 percent of the sample, a woman is a main shareholder; in 15 percent of these firms, women own the majority of the firm.en
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20100219001740
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-8190-8
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-8190-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/2414
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesDirections in Development ; private sector
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectABSENCE OF WOMEN
dc.subjectACCESS TO FINANCE
dc.subjectACCESS TO LAND
dc.subjectACCESS TO MARKETS
dc.subjectACCESS TO TRAINING
dc.subjectBANK ACCOUNT
dc.subjectBANKING SYSTEM
dc.subjectBANKS
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO WOMEN
dc.subjectBREADWINNER
dc.subjectBREADWINNERS
dc.subjectBUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS
dc.subjectBUSINESS EDUCATION
dc.subjectBUSINESS MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectBUSINESS OWNER
dc.subjectBUSINESS SUCCESS
dc.subjectBUSINESS WOMEN
dc.subjectBUSINESSWOMEN
dc.subjectCAPACITY BUILDING
dc.subjectCAPITAL REQUIREMENT
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCHAMBER OF COMMERCE
dc.subjectCHECKING ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectCHILD CARE
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectCOMPENSATION
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOURTS
dc.subjectCREDIT INFORMATION
dc.subjectCREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectCREDIT PROVISION
dc.subjectCULTURAL NORMS
dc.subjectCUSTODY
dc.subjectCUSTOM
dc.subjectDAYCARE
dc.subjectDEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectDEPOSIT
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES
dc.subjectDIVORCE
dc.subjectDOMINANCE
dc.subjectE-LEARNING
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC ACTIVITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION
dc.subjectECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS
dc.subjectECONOMIC CRISIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC REFORMS
dc.subjectECONOMIC RESOURCES
dc.subjectEDUCATED WOMEN
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYER
dc.subjectEMPLOYERS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT GROWTH
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subjectEMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
dc.subjectENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEQUAL PAY
dc.subjectEQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEQUITABLE ACCESS
dc.subjectEQUITY CAPITAL
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFAMILY COURT
dc.subjectFAMILY INCOME
dc.subjectFAMILY OBLIGATIONS
dc.subjectFAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES
dc.subjectFAMILY WELFARE
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE EDUCATION
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectFEMALE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectFEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectFEMALE RESPONDENTS
dc.subjectFEMALE WORKERS
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFINANCE ACCESS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL EXCLUSION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR REFORM
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SERVICES
dc.subjectFOREIGN FIRMS
dc.subjectFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectFORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ACTION
dc.subjectGENDER BARRIERS
dc.subjectGENDER BIASES
dc.subjectGENDER CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectGENDER COMPOSITION
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DIMENSION
dc.subjectGENDER DISPARITIES
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER EQUITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITIES
dc.subjectGENDER INEQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER MAINSTREAMING
dc.subjectGENDER SEGREGATION
dc.subjectGENDER SPECIALIST
dc.subjectGIRLS
dc.subjectGREATER ACCESS
dc.subjectGROUPS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectHOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CHORES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION
dc.subjectINCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINFORMAL WORKERS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINVESTMENT PLANS
dc.subjectJOB SECURITY
dc.subjectJUDGE
dc.subjectKEY CHALLENGE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE SURVEYS
dc.subjectLABOR LAW
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLACK OF ACCESS
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGAL STATUS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLIMITED ACCESS
dc.subjectLOAN
dc.subjectLOAN APPLICATION
dc.subjectLOAN APPLICATION PROCEDURES
dc.subjectLOAN-TO-DEPOSIT RATIO
dc.subjectMAINSTREAMING GENDER
dc.subjectMARKET ECONOMY
dc.subjectMARRIED MALE
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectMATERNITY BENEFITS
dc.subjectMATERNITY LEAVE
dc.subjectMICRO-ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectMICROCREDIT
dc.subjectMICROFINANCE
dc.subjectNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectNEEDS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOPEN MARKET
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPEACE
dc.subjectPERCEPTIONS OF GENDER
dc.subjectPERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPOOR WOMEN
dc.subjectPREJUDICE
dc.subjectPRIVATE CREDIT
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPROFESSIONAL WOMEN
dc.subjectPROFITABILITY
dc.subjectPROPORTION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPROVISION OF CREDIT
dc.subjectPROVISION OF FINANCE
dc.subjectREGULATORY ENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectREPRESENTATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectRESERVE REQUIREMENTS
dc.subjectROLE OF WOMEN
dc.subjectRURAL WOMEN
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSEX SEGREGATION
dc.subjectSINGLE WOMAN
dc.subjectSINGLE WOMEN
dc.subjectSMALL ENTERPRISE
dc.subjectSMALL ENTERPRISES
dc.subjectSOCIAL CHANGE
dc.subjectSOCIAL FUND
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSURANCE
dc.subjectSTART-UP
dc.subjectTRADE UNIONS
dc.subjectUNDP
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED WOMEN
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNION
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS
dc.subjectUNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
dc.subjectUNMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WOMEN
dc.subjectUNSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectURBAN AREAS
dc.subjectURBAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWIFE
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWIVES
dc.subjectWOMAN
dc.subjectWOMEN EMPLOYEES
dc.subjectWOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
dc.subjectWOMEN IN BUSINESS
dc.subjectWOMEN IN SOCIETY
dc.subjectWOMEN MANAGERS
dc.subjectWOMEN WORKERS
dc.subjectWORKING CAPITAL
dc.subjectWORKING WOMEN
dc.titleEgyptian Women Workers and Entrepreneurs : Maximizing Opportunities in the Economic Sphereen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.date.disclosure2010-04-20
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20100219001740
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid404701468233093448
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-8190-8
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000333038_20100219001740
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum11817680
okr.identifier.report53096
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2010/02/19/000333038_20100219001740/Rendered/PDF/530960PUB0Egyp101Official0Use0Only1.pdfen
okr.region.countryEgypt, Arab Republic of
okr.region.geographicalNorth Africa
okr.region.geographicalEurope
okr.region.geographicalMiddle East
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicGender::Gender and Law
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicGender::Gender and Health
okr.topicFinance and Financial Sector Development::Access to Finance
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population
okr.unitFinance & Private Sector Dev. (MNSFP)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
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