Publication:
Lessons from Power Sector Reform in England and Wales

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dc.contributor.authorBacon, Robert
dc.date.accessioned2012-08-13T15:38:10Z
dc.date.available2012-08-13T15:38:10Z
dc.date.issued1995-10
dc.description.abstractThe 1990 power reforms in England and Wales were designed to permit the introduction of competition at both the retail and the wholesale level. Generation was both vertically separated from transmission and horizontally separated. The sector was almost completely privatized-only the nuclear capacity was left in public hands-and regulation was applied both to promote competition and to ensure that the remaining monopolies did not exploit their advantage. The new industry structure emerged with three generating companies: National Power (52 percent of capacity at that time) and PowerGen (33 percent), which were privatized, with 60 percent of their shares sold initially, and Nuclear Electric (15 percent), which was left under public ownership. National Power's share of capacity gave it significant market power. The national grid company-after separation from the generating companies-was transferred to joint ownership by the twelve privatized regional distribution companies. (The grid company retains control of dispatch.) Each of the twelve regional distribution companies (RECs) has two separate functions-distribution (through low voltage wires or, more simply, grid to door) and retail supply (the sale of electricity to final customers) -and these functions must be accounted for separately. Access to the distribution operation of the RECs is regulated so that any seller of electricity has the right to "use" the associated distribution network when selling to a final customer. Until March 1995, the government retained a "golden share" in each REC, giving it the power to block any takeover or merger.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1995/10/2529229/lessons-power-sector-reform-england-wales
dc.identifier.citationViewpoint. -- Note no. 61 (October 1995)
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/11651
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/11651
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relation.ispartofseriesViewpoint
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectPOWER SECTOR REFORM
dc.subjectCOMPETITION POLICY
dc.subjectRETAIL MARKETING
dc.subjectWHOLESALE MARKETING
dc.subjectPRIVATIZATION
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectNUCLEAR ENERGY
dc.subjectOWNERSHIP
dc.subjectGRIDS
dc.subjectCONSUMER DEMAND
dc.subjectGENERATORS
dc.subjectTARIFF CUTS BIDDING
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCOST SAVINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectMARGINAL COSTS
dc.subjectMARKET FORCES
dc.subjectMARKET POWER
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subjectMARKET VALUE
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectPRICE CAPS
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPURCHASING
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectTAKEOVER
dc.subjectTOTAL COSTS
dc.subjectUSERS
dc.titleLessons from Power Sector Reform in England and Walesen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.doiregistration2025-04-29T09:55:38.841721Z
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Viewpoint
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/1995/10/2529229/lessons-power-sector-reform-england-wales
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeEnvironment and Natural Resources
okr.globalpracticeFinance and Markets
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid575451468774711274
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000090341_20031001094507
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum2529229
okr.identifier.report26829
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/10/01/000090341_20031001094507/Rendered/PDF/268290VP0note0no10610bacon.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.sectorEnergy and mining :: Power
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Access to Markets
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Consumption
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Markets and Market Access
okr.topicEconomic Theory and Research
okr.topicEnvironmental Economics and Policies
okr.topicEnvironment
okr.unitOff of VP
okr.unitFPD&IFC Chief Econ-WB (FPDVP)
okr.volume1 of 1
relation.isSeriesOfPublication1067ecbf-b217-4376-a77e-64594be2b212
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery1067ecbf-b217-4376-a77e-64594be2b212
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