Publication:
Iran Economic Monitor, Spring/Summer 2023: Moderate Growth amid Economic Uncertainty - With a Special Focus : The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Labor Market in Iran

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dc.contributor.authorWorld Bank
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-22T15:16:10Z
dc.date.available2023-08-22T15:16:10Z
dc.date.issued2023-08-22
dc.description.abstractThe Iran Economic Monitor (IEM) provides an update on key economic developments and policies. It examines these economic developments and policies in a longer-term and global context and assesses their implications for the outlook for thecountry. The IEM’s coverage ranges from the macroeconomy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. Iran’s economy continued to grow moderately for the third consecutive year in 2022/23, albeit at a slower pace than in the previous year. Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 3.8 percent in 2022/23, driven by expansions in services and manufacturing. Despite sanctions, the oil sector also expanded, aided by the tighter global oil markets. Favorable weather conditions helped the agriculture sector to marginally grow after the contractionsin previous years. On the expenditure side, private consumption was the main driver of GDP growth. Government consumption contracted to contain the budget deficit following a sharp expansionary policy in 2021/22. Meanwhile, exports and importsboth increased, and strong investment in machinery drove investments up, while construction investment marginally improved. However, the economy continuesto face growth constraints notably related to the economic sanctions, restricted access to external markets and to the latest technology, and much needed foreign investment. The Special Focus of the report highlights the scarring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, documenting the marked deterioration in labor market outcomes. Despite sizeable government interventions to sustain the economy, in the first year of the pandemic (2021/22), approximately 1 million Jobs were lost, and labor force participation contracted by 3 percentage points. Iranian women were the most affected: two out of three jobs lost between 2019/20 and 2020/21 were previously held by women. The gendered impact of the crisis contributed to widening Iranian’s women disadvantage in the labor market. Most importantly, the gains in femalelabor force participation slowly accumulated since 2011 vanished. Consistent with what is observed in other countries, women with young children were the most affected by the crisis. The combined effect of school closures and unequal intra-household allocation of care responsibilities, associated with prevailing gender norms, pushed Iranian women with children out of the labor force. Whether or not these trends will be reversed as the management of the COVID-19 pandemic is normalized and the economy recovers from the crisis remains an important policy question.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099107508212324041/IDU021ade6b80e3fd045190b8530b2ad462b0d6c
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/40243
dc.identifier.urihttps://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40243
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.rightsCC BY-NC 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo
dc.subjectECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectGENDERED IMPACT
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectWOMEN
dc.titleIran Economic Monitor, Spring/Summer 2023en
dc.title.subtitleModerate Growth amid Economic Uncertainty - With a Special Focus : The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Labor Market in Iranen
dc.typeReport
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crossref.titleIran Economic Monitor, Spring/Summer 2023: Moderate Growth amid Economic Uncertainty - With a Special Focus : The Gendered Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on the Labor Market in Iran
okr.date.disclosure2023-08-22
okr.date.lastmodified2023-08-21T00:00:00Zen
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Economic Updates and Modeling
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099107508212324041/IDU021ade6b80e3fd045190b8530b2ad462b0d6c
okr.guid099107508212324041
okr.identifier.docmidIDU-21ade6b8-e3fd-4519-b853-b2ad462b0d6c
okr.identifier.doihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1596/40243
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum34148455
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum34148455
okr.identifier.report184582
okr.import.id1563
okr.importedtrueen
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099107508212324041/pdf/IDU021ade6b80e3fd045190b8530b2ad462b0d6c.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeMiddle East and North Africa
okr.region.countryIran, Islamic Republic of
okr.topicGender::Gender and Development
okr.topicGender::Gender Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Growth
okr.topicLaw and Development::Labor & Employment Law
okr.unitEMNM1 - EFI - MNA - MTIC - 1
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