Publication:
Oil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect?

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dc.contributor.authorSingh, Raju Jan
dc.contributor.authorBodea, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorHigashijima, Masaaki
dc.date.accessioned2014-09-12T20:53:35Z
dc.date.available2014-09-12T20:53:35Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractIn this paper, the conditions under which the spending patterns of oil resources may mitigate the risk of violent domestic conflict are studied. Some recent research suggests that more government spending either in general or specifically in welfare and military may reduce the risk of civil conflict onset (Hegre and Sambanis, 2006; Basedau and Lay, 2009; Fjelde and de Soysa, 2009; Taydas and Peksen, 2012). While oil wealth has begun to be considered in the study of civil conflict as an important source of revenue for governments, there has not been a systematic analysis of whether oil-rich countries can increase public spending or alter the particular allocation of such spending to social sectors or the military as a way to mitigate the risk of conflict. We use time-series cross section data (148 countries, 1960-2009) to test the hypothesis that oil has a conditional effect on civil conflict depending on the size of government expenditure and the allocation of government spending. Our dependent variable is the onset of small and large civil conflict (Gleditch et al., 2002). The empirical estimations show that small and large conflicts alike are less likely when large parts of oil resources are dedicated to military spending. Increased spending in education, health or social security is associated with lower risk of small-scale conflict, irrespective of the level of oil revenue. On the other hand, higher levels of general government expenditure do not appear to have any robust mitigating effects. The paper proceeds as follows: Section II reviews work on natural resources and conflict; Section III discusses the literature on public spending and conflict; Section IV presents our approach, derives testable hypotheses, and presents the data; Section V describes the results; and Section VI concludes.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/20153245/oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/20101
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/20101
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectADEQUATE EDUCATION
dc.subjectADULT LITERACY
dc.subjectARMED CONFLICT
dc.subjectARMED FORCE
dc.subjectARMED FORCES
dc.subjectARMS
dc.subjectBASIC HUMAN NEEDS
dc.subjectBATTLE
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCIVIL CONFLICT
dc.subjectCIVIL CONFLICTS
dc.subjectCIVIL LIBERTIES
dc.subjectCIVIL PEACE
dc.subjectCIVIL SERVICE
dc.subjectCIVIL UNREST
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCIVIL WARS
dc.subjectCOERCION
dc.subjectCOLD WAR
dc.subjectCONFLICT
dc.subjectCONFLICT MANAGEMENT
dc.subjectCONFLICT PREVENTION
dc.subjectCONFLICT RESEARCH
dc.subjectCONFLICT RESOLUTION
dc.subjectCONFLICT RISK
dc.subjectCONFLICT RISKS
dc.subjectCONFLICTS
dc.subjectCOST OF REBELLION
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY
dc.subjectDEMOCRACY SCORE
dc.subjectDEPENDENCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDISPUTES
dc.subjectDOMESTIC VIOLENCE
dc.subjectDURATION OF CONFLICT
dc.subjectDURATION OF PEACE
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectENERGY CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectETHNIC DIVISIONS
dc.subjectETHNIC GROUP
dc.subjectETHNIC HETEROGENEITY
dc.subjectETHNIC POLITICS
dc.subjectFERTILITY
dc.subjectFIGHTING
dc.subjectFOUNDATIONS
dc.subjectGENOCIDE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT POWER
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHIGH RISK
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION
dc.subjectIMF
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME PER CAPITA
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINTERNAL CONFLICT
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL SECURITY
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STUDIES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL WAR
dc.subjectINTERPERSONAL SKILLS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN EDUCATION
dc.subjectJOURNAL OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION
dc.subjectLACK OF DEMOCRACY
dc.subjectLEVEL OF POVERTY
dc.subjectLIMITED RESOURCES
dc.subjectLINGUISTIC FRACTIONALIZATION
dc.subjectLITERACY RATES
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectMATERIAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectMILITARIZATION
dc.subjectMILITARY BUDGETS
dc.subjectMILITARY EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectMILITARY EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectMILITARY FORCES
dc.subjectMILITARY OPPOSITION
dc.subjectMILITARY PERSONNEL
dc.subjectMILITARY REGIMES
dc.subjectMILITARY SPENDING
dc.subjectNATIONAL DEFENSE
dc.subjectNATIONALISM
dc.subjectNATIONS
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCE
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectOBSERVER
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectPEACE
dc.subjectPEACE RESEARCH
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPERSONAL ENRICHMENT
dc.subjectPOLICE
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL CHANGE
dc.subjectPOLITICAL INSTABILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL LEADERSHIP
dc.subjectPOLITICAL OPPOSITION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PROCESS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectPOLITICAL STABILITY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectPOLITICAL VIOLENCE
dc.subjectPOPULATION SIZE
dc.subjectPOPULOUS COUNTRIES
dc.subjectPOST-CONFLICT
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICE
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectQUALITY OF LIFE
dc.subjectREBEL
dc.subjectREBEL GROUP
dc.subjectREBEL GROUPS
dc.subjectREBELLION
dc.subjectREBELS
dc.subjectRELIGIOUS FRACTIONALIZATION
dc.subjectRESOURCE MOBILIZATION
dc.subjectREVOLUTIONS
dc.subjectRISK OF CONFLICT
dc.subjectRURAL AREAS
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSANITATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECURITY FORCES
dc.subjectSERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectSOCIAL COHESION
dc.subjectSOCIAL EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectSOCIAL MOBILITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICIES
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECTORS
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectSOCIAL WELFARE
dc.subjectSTATE UNIVERSITY
dc.subjectTERRORISM
dc.subjectTOLERANCE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectVICTIMS
dc.subjectVIOLENT CONFLICT
dc.subjectVIOLENT CONFLICTS
dc.subjectVIOLENT MEANS
dc.subjectWAR DURATION
dc.subjectWAR ECONOMY
dc.subjectWAR PROJECT
dc.subjectWARFARE
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectYOUNG MALE
dc.subjectYOUNG PEOPLE
dc.subjectYOUNG SOLDIERS
dc.titleOil and Civil Conflict : Can Public Spending Have a Mitigation Effect?en
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaFragility, Conflict, and Violence
okr.date.disclosure2014-08-28
okr.date.doiregistration2025-05-07T10:08:03.126838Z
okr.doctypeEconomic & Sector Work::Mining/Oil and Gas
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/20153245/oil-civil-conflict-can-public-spending-mitigation-effect
okr.globalpracticeSocial, Urban, Rural and Resilience
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.guid678931468009989447
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000470435_20140828102406
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum20153245
okr.identifier.report90253
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/08/28/000470435_20140828102406/Rendered/PDF/902530WP0P14370ing00revised0August0.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeAfrica
okr.sectorPublic Administration, Law, and Justice :: General public administration sector
okr.sectorEnergy and mining :: Mining and other extractive
okr.themeEnvironment and natural resources management :: Other environment and natural resources management
okr.themeEnvironment and natural resource management
okr.topicPeace and Peacekeeping
okr.topicSocial Development::Social Conflict and Violence
okr.topicSocial Development::Post Conflict Reintegration
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Population Policies
okr.topicConflict and Development::Post Conflict Reconstruction
okr.unitMacro & Fiscal Mgmt - GP (GMFDR)
okr.volume1 of 1
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