Publication: Reversing the Trend of Stunting in Sudan: Opportunities for Human Capital Development through Multisectoral Approaches
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Date
2020-02
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Published
2020-02
Author(s)
Touray, Sering
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Abstract
The report is structured as follows: section two provides an overview of the existing literature on undernutrition and its determinants. Section three describes the methodology used in this report, the UNICEF conceptual framework and the MICS data collected in 2010 and 2014. The analysis section (section four) begins by describing the nature of stunting among 0-5-year-old children in Sudan highlighting differences in stunting rates across states, households, gender, and age groups. This analysis is followed by an overview of the extent of inequalities in access to adequate levels of nutrition drivers among 0–23-month-old children. The second part of section four examines the extent to which access to adequate levels of nutrition drivers influences stunting in Sudan. The authors estimate marginal effects of access levels (including individual and joint access) on the probability of being stunted to identify the main nutrition drivers that significantly affect stunting and the heterogeneity of their effects across space, wealth, and gender. Finally, section five concludes by discussing the implications of the results on multisectoral responses to stunting in Sudan.
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“Touray, Sering; Etang Ndip, Alvin. 2020. Reversing the Trend of Stunting in Sudan: Opportunities for Human Capital Development through Multisectoral Approaches. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36103 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.”
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Publication Reversing the Trend of Stunting in Sudan(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2022-11)Stunting, measured using a height-for-age Z score [HAZ] and an indicator of chronic malnutrition, among 0–5-year-old Sudanese children has been on the rise—from 34 percent in 2010 to 38 percent in 2014. Although a multisectoral approach to tackling undernutrition may mask clarity and undermine specificity of sectors to prioritize, it can be a basis for designing evidenced-based and balanced multisectoral strategies to addressing stunting in Sudan. Overall, stunting is more prevalent in the early years of Sudanese children and among children from the poorest households and in rural areas where adequate access to the underlying drivers of nutrition also remains significantly low. Adequate access to nutrition drivers is strongly associated with a lower likelihood of being stunted. 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The extent of the impacts of shocks on household welfare depends on the nature and severity of the shocks as well as households’ capacity to manage its risk of exposure to shocks ex ante and/or mitigate the impact of shocks ex post. This paper applies this framework to examine the impact of shocks on the welfare of Sudanese households and explore coping strategies typically utilized by households to mitigate the negative effects of shocks. The paper uses the 2009 National Baseline Household Survey (NBHS) and the 2014/15 National Household Budget and Poverty Survey (NHBPS) to document the main types of shocks that Sudanese households are exposed to and describe the profile of Sudanese households likely to be vulnerable and/or resilient to shocks. To complement this analysis, the paper uses the most recent round of the data collected in 2014/15 (containing information on idiosyncratic shocks) together with data on covariate shocks such as rainfall and conflict obtained from other sources to estimate the impact of shocks on household welfare. Since the impact of shocks on household welfare is likely to be multidimensional, various indicators of household welfare such as consumption, poverty status, assets, dietary quality, and diversity are considered in the paper. Results from the analysis are used to highlight the state of social protection in Sudan and discuss the need for an expansion of the existing system. The prevalence of shocks in Sudan is most common among poor, agricultural, and rural households. Floods/droughts have the largest negative effect on the welfare of Sudanese households. The large negative effects of shocks on the welfare of Sudanese households (particularly those with low capacity to cope with shocks) highlight significant limitations in households’ ability to fully mitigate the impact of shocks.
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