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HIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Response

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dc.contributor.authorPlatt, Lucy
dc.contributor.authorJolley, Emma
dc.contributor.authorHope, Vivian
dc.contributor.authorLatypov, Alisher
dc.contributor.authorVickerman, Peter
dc.contributor.authorHickson, Ford
dc.contributor.authorReynolds, Lucy
dc.contributor.authorRhodes, Tim
dc.date.accessioned2015-01-29T15:05:35Z
dc.date.available2015-01-29T15:05:35Z
dc.date.issued2015-01-28
dc.description.abstractThis report provides a systematic review of the evidence on HIV vulnerability and response in all 53 countries of the WHO European Region, stretching from Iceland to the borders of China. It focuses on key populations most at risk of HIV infection: people who inject drugs, sex workers and men who have sex with men. It confirms that these populations are disproportionately affected by the growing HIV epidemic in Europe. Twenty-five percent of HIV diagnoses in Europe are associated with injecting drug use, with much higher proportions in Eastern Europe (33%) than in Western Europe (5%) and Central Europe (7%). Sex between men accounted for 10% of all HIV diagnoses, with higher rates reported in Western Europe (36%), followed by Central Europe (22%) and Eastern Europe (0.5%). HIV remains relatively low among female sex workers who do not inject drugs, (less than 1%), but higher among those who inject drugs (over 10%) as well as among male and transgender sex workers. The analysis highlights the pivotal role of social and structural factors in shaping HIV epidemics and HIV prevention responses. Poverty, marginalization and stigma contribute to the HIV epidemic in Europe and Central Asia. Economic volatility and recession risks are increasing vulnerability to HIV and infections. Barriers to successful HIV responses include the criminalization of sex work, of sex between men, and of drug use combined with social stigmatization, violence and rights violations. HIV prevention requires social and environmental change. The report calls for policymakers and HIV program implementers to target the right policies and programs to maximize the health and social impacts of Europe’s HIV responses and get higher returns on HIV-related investments. The report is a product of a collaboration between the World Bank, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the WHO Regional Office for Europe and UNAIDS.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-1-4648-0388-8
dc.identifier.isbn978-1-4648-0388-8
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/21361
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesDirections in Development--Human Development;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectHIV/AIDS
dc.subjectAIDS
dc.subjectHIV
dc.subjectMSM
dc.subjectmen who have sex with men
dc.subjectpeople who inject drugs
dc.subjectprevention
dc.subjectHIV prevention
dc.subjectsex workers
dc.subjectsurveillance
dc.subjectsystematic review
dc.subjectvulnerable groups
dc.titleHIV Epidemics in the European Region : Vulnerability and Responseen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2015-01-29
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.globalpracticeHealth, Nutrition, and Population
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-1-4648-0388-8
okr.identifier.report93948
okr.language.supporteden
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.geographicalEurope
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::HIV AIDS
okr.topicHealth, Nutrition and Population::Health Monitoring & Evaluation
okr.unitHDNHE
relation.isSeriesOfPublication706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
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