Publication:
Basic Education beyond the Millennium Development Goals in Ghana : How Equity in Service Delivery Affects Educational and Learning Outcomes

dc.contributor.author Darvas, Peter
dc.contributor.author Balwanz, David
dc.date.accessioned 2013-11-20T19:37:06Z
dc.date.available 2013-11-20T19:37:06Z
dc.date.issued 2014
dc.description.abstract Inequity is the central challenge facing basic education in Ghana and undercuts the potential contribution of basic education to Ghana’s national development goals. Persistent disparities in education service delivery and inequitable allocation of resources in Ghana lead to highly inequitable educational outcomes. These inequities negatively affect system quality, efficiency and accountability and ultimately undermine broader national development. Wide-spread inequity in education service delivery significantly depresses system learning outcomes. This report describes a “missing middle” in terms of learning outcomes: While a small number of children perform well, the majority of pupils (more than 60%) pass through primary school without becoming proficient in numeracy and literacy. Specifically, children from Ghana’s northern regions and deprived districts, poor and rural households and ethnic and linguistic minorities – students who require the most support to meet learning outcomes – receive, on average, disproportionately fewer resources from the government than their peers. Systemic inequities create this missing middle and drag down system performance. Following a decade of rapid change, as of 2013, more children are attending basic and senior high schools than at any time in the history of Ghana. In the past decade, Ghana has realized great growth, progress and change. Population growth, urbanization and significant GDP growth have changed the economic, political and social landscape of Ghana. In the past decade, incidence of extreme poverty has been cut in half. Introduction of Free, Compulsory, Universal Basic Education (FCUBE) and kindergarten has supported a near doubling of basic education enrollment in the past 15 years. Delivering basic education and ensuring equity has become more challenging. Compared to a decade ago, more stakeholders are involved in allocating and managing core education inputs and accountability systems remain unclear and weak. Addressing the deeply embedded inequities (e.g. allocation of trained teachers, support to deprived districts and populations) is further complicated by a complex and fragmented policy, management and financing environment. The persistence of inequity reflects the persistence of conflicting sector interests and poses genuine policy dilemmas. However, recent experience shows that accelerating progress toward equity and quality basic education for all is possible. Several recent initiatives in Ghana point to the possibility of improving equitable resource allocation, strengthening social protection and providing additional support to improve learning outcomes. For example, children with below-average learning outcomes in poorly resourced environments are likely to show measurable gains when provided additional support (e.g. instructional support, learning resources, management support, demand-side incentives). en
dc.identifier.isbn 978-1-4648-0098-6
dc.identifier.other 10.1596/978-1-4648-0098-6
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16307
dc.language.iso en_US
dc.publisher Washington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseries World Bank Study;
dc.rights CC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holder World Bank
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subject basic education
dc.subject education equity
dc.subject education financing
dc.subject education management and administration
dc.subject education service delivery
dc.subject internal and external efficiency
dc.subject learning outcomes
dc.subject management and social accountability
dc.subject quality of education
dc.subject teacher policy and management
dc.title Basic Education beyond the Millennium Development Goals in Ghana : How Equity in Service Delivery Affects Educational and Learning Outcomes en
dspace.entity.type Publication
okr.date.disclosure 2013-11-20
okr.doctype Publications & Research :: Publication
okr.doctype Publications & Research
okr.globalpractice Education
okr.globalpractice Governance
okr.identifier.doi 10.1596/978-1-4648-0098-6
okr.identifier.report 82726
okr.language.supported en
okr.peerreview Academic Peer Review
okr.region.administrative Africa
okr.region.country Ghana
okr.sector Education
okr.sector Education :: Pre-primary education
okr.sector Education :: Primary education
okr.sector Education :: Secondary education
okr.topic Education :: Access & Equity in Basic Education
okr.topic Education :: Economics of Education
okr.topic Education :: Education For All
okr.topic Governance
okr.topic Public Sector Development
okr.unit AFTEW
relation.isAuthorOfPublication 9bb30697-cd5e-55af-b24a-47114d3574ce
relation.isAuthorOfPublication b58c6391-c6c8-55c2-b730-b2124c4aba16
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