The Adequacy of Public Expenditure on Education and the Needs Post-COVID-19: April 2023

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/40619

Publication:
The Adequacy of Public Expenditure on Education and the Needs Post-COVID-19: April 2023

dc.contributor.author	World Bank
dc.date.accessioned	2023-11-15T21:33:20Z
dc.date.available	2023-11-15T21:33:20Z
dc.date.issued	2023-11-15
dc.description.abstract	Education needs to recover the space it lost in national budgets because of COVID-19. Many LICs and LMICs decreased the prioritization of education spending with the onset of COVID-19. Half of these countries reduced their annual spending on education in 2020, compared to 28 percent in 2019. Emerging evidence suggests that after falling in 2020, the share of education in national budgets of LICs and MICs recovered in 2021 but by 2022 it remained below its 2019 pre-pandemic level. Meanwhile, many HICs protected education shares over that period and some even increased resources specifically for learning recovery. Education financing needs to expand to ensure sufficient per-capita spending to meet national education goals. Given variation across countries, common international benchmarks on education spending should not be used deterministically to assess the adequacy of financing. Spending per school-age child, the most accurate indicator of financing adequacy, averages US53 dollars in LICs, US318 dollars in LMICs, US980 dollars in UMICs and US7,800 dollars in HICs. These stark differences surpass differences in countries’ living standards and costs of delivering education services. Many LICs and LMICs that meet common international benchmarks on education spending (such as 4-6 percent of GDP or 15-20 percent of public budgets) still spend very little per school-age child due to their small state budgets and large young populations.	en
dc.identifier	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099103123163731570/P1781350d855aa0170ab8f0f8644bd8efd7
dc.identifier.doi	10.1596/40619
dc.identifier.uri	https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/40619
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	Washington, DC
dc.rights	CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holder	World Bank
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/igo
dc.subject	EDUCATION FUNDING INDICATORS
dc.subject	EDUCATION SPENDING PER CHILD
dc.subject	TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS
dc.subject	EDUCATION REFORM
dc.subject	EVIDENCE-BASED EDUCATION POLICY
dc.subject	EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME FOCUS
dc.subject	COVID-19 PANDEMIC IMPACT ON EDUCATION SPENDING
dc.subject	GENDER EQUITY IN EDUCATION
dc.title	The Adequacy of Public Expenditure on Education and the Needs Post-COVID-19	en
dc.title.subtitle	April 2023	en
dc.type	Brief
dspace.entity.type	Publication
okr.crossref.title	The Adequacy of Public Expenditure on Education and the Needs Post-COVID-19: April 2023
okr.date.disclosure	2023-11-01
okr.date.lastmodified	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z	en
okr.doctype	Policy Note
okr.doctype	Economic & Sector Work
okr.docurl	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099103123163731570/P1781350d855aa0170ab8f0f8644bd8efd7
okr.guid	099103123163731570
okr.identifier.docmid	P178135-d855aa6b-bbe4-4a17-ab8f-f8644bd8efd7
okr.identifier.doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/40619
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum	34189243
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum	34189243
okr.identifier.report	185590
okr.import.id	2316
okr.imported	true	en
okr.language.supported	en
okr.pdfurl	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099103123163731570/pdf/P1781350d855aa0170ab8f0f8644bd8efd7.pdf	en
okr.sector	Public Administration - Education
okr.theme	Education,Human Development and Gender,Access to Education,Education Financing,Standards, Curriculum and Textbooks,Private Sector Delivery of Education,Education Governance, School-Based Management,Teachers
okr.topic	Education::Access & Equity in Basic Education
okr.topic	Education::Curriculum & Instruction
okr.topic	Education::Education Reform and Management
okr.topic	Education::Education Finance
okr.unit	Education Global (HEDGE)