Publication:
Borderless Bazaars and Regional Integration in Central Asia : Emerging Patterns of Trade and Cross-Border Cooperation

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dc.contributor.authorKaminski, Bartlomiej
dc.contributor.authorMitra, Saumya
dc.date.accessioned2013-04-10T21:14:31Z
dc.date.available2013-04-10T21:14:31Z
dc.date.issued2012-05-25
dc.description.abstractLocal populations' economic opportunities can be enhanced through special arrangements governing movement of people and goods in neighboring areas. For instance, in the Tajikistan-Uzbekistan border-crossing points (BCPs), preferential treatment accorded to residents in contiguous regions varies from one BCP to another, even within one borderline, restricting the distance allowed for travel into the territory of another country to the closest large city or marketplace. When governments impose restrictions on the movements of individuals, vehicles, or goods or close BCPs or bazaars, they may do so on public policy grounds. Security is often cited as a factor for imposing controls, as is prevention of contraband trade. Such government imposed obstacles are a blunt and expensive instrument to attain such public policy aims. The income and welfare costs levied on poor communities of such public policies may be disproportionate to achieve stated public policy goals. Instead, BCPs and bazaars could be opened but made subject to strict and effective policing, ideally using risk-based criteria; similarly, risk-based surveillance or vehicle searches could take the place of an outright ban. Moreover, a government may find that the security benefits of stronger community ties across borders may be considerable; after all, in conditions of growing trade that obviously contributes to the prosperity of a border community, all parties have a stake in suppressing criminal behavior and public disorder and in promoting orderly conditions that minimize the likelihood of the need for security services to intervene. In summary, support for border trade is a win-win strategy for any pair of countries. Government-imposed restrictions may constrict trade and raise its cost, but they do not necessarily eliminate local trade, especially among countries with established cultural, ethnic, and economic ties, which is the case of the former Soviet republics in Central Asia. Such restrictions raise transaction costs and incentivize smuggling. They greatly reduce the beneficial impact on income and employment that can arise from border trade, leading to large welfare losses for communities. The most significant effect of growth in border trade is likely to be poverty reduction in communities in contiguous regions.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9471-7
dc.identifier.isbn978-0-8213-9471-7
dc.identifier.other10.1596/978-0-8213-9471-7
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13140
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesDirections in Development--Trade;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectaccord
dc.subjectad valorem
dc.subjectagricultural produce
dc.subjectAgricultural products
dc.subjectagriculture
dc.subjectair
dc.subjectair travel
dc.subjectApparel
dc.subjectapparel industries
dc.subjectbank loan
dc.subjectbarrier
dc.subjectbilateral agreements
dc.subjectBorder Crossing
dc.subjectborder crossings
dc.subjectborder measures
dc.subjectBorder Trade
dc.subjectborder traffic
dc.subjectbridge
dc.subjectbusiness associations
dc.subjectbusiness climate
dc.subjectbusiness environment
dc.subjectcar
dc.subjectcars
dc.subjectcentral planning
dc.subjectcivil society
dc.subjectcommodity
dc.subjectcomparative advantage
dc.subjectcompetitive markets
dc.subjectConsumer Goods
dc.subjectconsumer protection
dc.subjectconsumers
dc.subjectCopyright Clearance
dc.subjectCopyright Clearance Center
dc.subjectCross-Border Cooperation
dc.subjectCross-Border Trade
dc.subjectCrossing
dc.subjectcustoms
dc.subjectCustoms clearance
dc.subjectcustoms duties
dc.subjectcustoms procedures
dc.subjectCustoms Union
dc.subjectdebt
dc.subjectdecentralization
dc.subjectdecision making
dc.subjectdevelopment strategies
dc.subjectdividends
dc.subjectDomestic Consumption
dc.subjectdomestic markets
dc.subjectdomestic producers
dc.subjecteconomic agreements
dc.subjectEconomic Cooperation
dc.subjectEconomic Development
dc.subjecteconomic efficiency
dc.subjectEconomic integration
dc.subjecteconomic reform
dc.subjecteconomic resources
dc.subjecteconomic welfare
dc.subjecteconomies of scale
dc.subjectEuropean Union
dc.subjectexchange rate
dc.subjectexcise taxes
dc.subjectexporters
dc.subjectExports
dc.subjectExternalities
dc.subjectextreme poverty
dc.subjectfinancial support
dc.subjectFixed Costs
dc.subjectflat rate
dc.subjectforeign customers
dc.subjectForeign Sales
dc.subjectForeign Trade
dc.subjectfragmentation of markets
dc.subjectfree trade
dc.subjectfreight
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectgeographic reach
dc.subjectgovernment intervention
dc.subjectgovernment interventions
dc.subjectgross domestic product
dc.subjectgross margin
dc.subjectgrowth policies
dc.subjectheavy trucks
dc.subjecthighway
dc.subjecthighway reconstruction
dc.subjectHours of operation
dc.subjectimport activity
dc.subjectimport prices
dc.subjectimported goods
dc.subjectImported Products
dc.subjectIncome
dc.subjectincomes
dc.subjectindustrial products
dc.subjectindustrialized countries
dc.subjectInformation Technology
dc.subjectinfrastructure investments
dc.subjectinfrastructure projects
dc.subjectInstitutional Model
dc.subjectinsurance
dc.subjectinternal trade
dc.subjectInternational Bank
dc.subjectinternational organizations
dc.subjectinternational trade
dc.subjectjoint ventures
dc.subjectland transport
dc.subjectlanes
dc.subjectlegal framework
dc.subjectliberalization
dc.subjectlocal transport
dc.subjectmacroeconomics
dc.subjectmarket economies
dc.subjectmarket integration
dc.subjectmeans of transport
dc.subjectmotor vehicles
dc.subjectmultiplier effects
dc.subjectnational income
dc.subjectOutput
dc.subjectpassenger vehicles
dc.subjectpassengers
dc.subjectPatterns of Trade
dc.subjectpetroleum products
dc.subjectpolicy makers
dc.subjectPositive Externalities
dc.subjectPotential Benefits
dc.subjectPotential buyers
dc.subjectpreferential treatment
dc.subjectprice differentials
dc.subjectprofit margins
dc.subjectproperty rights
dc.subjectpublic policy
dc.subjectrailway
dc.subjectrailways
dc.subjectrapid expansion
dc.subjectRegional Integration
dc.subjectregulatory regime
dc.subjectregulatory requirements
dc.subjectremote locations
dc.subjectremote regions
dc.subjectreputation
dc.subjectroad
dc.subjectroad network
dc.subjectroads
dc.subjectroute
dc.subjectroutes
dc.subjectrule of law
dc.subjectscale effects
dc.subjectsecurity risks
dc.subjectselling price
dc.subjectShare of World Exports
dc.subjectside effects
dc.subjectSpecialization
dc.subjectsustainable development
dc.subjecttax
dc.subjecttaxation
dc.subjecttaxi drivers
dc.subjecttaxis
dc.subjecttrade agreements
dc.subjecttrade barriers
dc.subjecttrade channels
dc.subjectTrade data
dc.subjecttrade effects
dc.subjecttrade expansion
dc.subjecttrade facilitation
dc.subjectTrade Flows
dc.subjectTrade Integration
dc.subjectTrade Policy
dc.subjecttrade regime
dc.subjectTrade Regimes
dc.subjecttrading activities
dc.subjecttransaction costs
dc.subjecttransit
dc.subjecttransport
dc.subjecttransport costs
dc.subjecttransportation
dc.subjecttransportation costs
dc.subjecttravel costs
dc.subjecttreaties
dc.subjecttrip
dc.subjecttrips
dc.subjecttruck transport
dc.subjecttrucks
dc.subjecttrue
dc.subjectturnover
dc.subjectunemployment
dc.subjectvalue of exports
dc.subjectvehicle
dc.subjectVehicles
dc.subjectvolume of trade
dc.subjectwages
dc.subjectwelfare gains
dc.subjectwelfare losses
dc.subjectwholesale markets
dc.titleBorderless Bazaars and Regional Integration in Central Asia : Emerging Patterns of Trade and Cross-Border Cooperationen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.date.disclosure2012-05-25
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research
okr.globalpracticeMacroeconomics and Fiscal Management
okr.globalpracticeTransport and ICT
okr.globalpracticeGovernance
okr.globalpracticeTrade and Competitiveness
okr.guid108461468016850647
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/978-0-8213-9471-7
okr.identifier.report69311
okr.language.supporteden
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.geographicalCentral Asia
okr.topicInternational Economics and Trade::Free Trade
okr.topicLaw and Development::Trade Law
okr.topicMacroeconomics and Economic Growth::Economic Theory & Research
okr.topicPrivate Sector Development::Emerging Markets
okr.topicTransport
okr.unitMacroeconomics 1 (ECSP1)
relation.isSeriesOfPublication706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
relation.isSeriesOfPublication.latestForDiscovery706db16a-e556-46f0-8283-1b4a4b88645c
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