Publication: Municipal Solid Waste Cost Calculation Technical Guidelines for Low and Middle-Income Countries
Loading...
Date
2024-04-01
ISSN
Published
2024-04-01
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
Municipal Solid Waste Cost Calculation Technical Guidelines discusses good practices for calculating investment and operating costs in the solid waste management sector illustrated through notional cost calculations for waste management functions and a combined waste management system. The report emphasizes the need to accurately determine the full costs of municipal waste services to establish recurrent financing needs and plan new investments. The publication aims to impress that funding annual operating expenses, typically higher than the annualized capital costs of investments and the single most important factor for sustaining waste operations, needs to be a key area of attention for local authorities. It emphasizes that the waste management sector is principally a net cost activity that requires financing; while investments in advanced treatment facilities and processes bring higher environmental and economic benefits, they also incur higher financial costs and hence revenue requirements. The publication aims to support the work of technical departments within municipalities that inform, advise, and guide their municipal councils and policy makers. The guidelines were developed with consideration of the state of the sector and its development trajectory in low, and middle-income countries.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2024. Municipal Solid Waste Cost Calculation Technical Guidelines for Low and Middle-Income Countries. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/41342 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Support for Programmatic CDM Development for the National Program for Municipal Solid Waste in Morocco(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009-03)Carbon Finance Assist (CF-Assist) is a capacity building and technical assistance program established by the World Bank to help develop national capacities of developing countries on carbon finance and clean development mechanism (CDM) activities. The objective of the mission is to develop CDM Program of Activities (PoA), based on a programmatic approach for CDM Project Activities (CPA) in solid waste sector in Morocco. More specifically the assignment consists of the assessment and validation of the feasibility of a nationwide CDM PoA for the solid waste in Morocco and the development of a Program Idea Note (PIN) summarizing the results of the program assessment. Based on the information collected during the mission first phase, an assessment model of the biogas potential was developed for each targeted landfill. The PoA expected emissions reductions were then evaluated for two possible scenarios: an optimistic scenario assuming that all the eligible landfills will develop CDM under the program for both the biogas capture and electricity generation options and a more conservative scenario assuming gas flaring option only in most promising landfills.Publication Results-Based Financing for Municipal Solid Waste(Washington, DC, 2014-07)Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a crucial service provided by cities around the world, but is often inefficient and underperforming in developing countries. This report provides eight examples of RBF designs, each tailored to the specific context and needs of the solid waste sector in the specific city or country. These projects are currently in various stages of preparation or implementation; hence, lessons can be inferred only in terms of how solid waste projects can be developed using RBF principles. The eight examples could be classified into three main categories: (a) RBF to improve solid waste service delivery and fee collection: in Nepal and the West Bank, the projects use RBF subsidies to improve the financial sustainability of MSW services by increasing user fee collection while simultaneously improving waste collection services; (b) RBF to promote recycling and source separation: in the cases of China, Indonesia, and Malaysia, an incentive payment model is used to improve source separation and collection of waste through changes in behavior at the household level; and (c) RBF to strengthen waste collection and transport in under-served communities: in Mali and Tanzania, projects were designed to strengthen secondary waste collection and transport for under-served communities. In the case of Jamaica, the project was designed to improve waste collection in inner-city communities and to encourage waste separation as well as general neighborhood cleanliness. This report presents the challenges faced in the design and implementation phases as well as general recommendations on how to address such challenges in future projects. Some of the lessons learned and recommendations are generally applicable to the preparation of any MSW project, whereas others are particular to the design of RBF projects for MSW.Publication Viability of Current and Emerging Technologies for Domestic Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal : Implications on Dioxin and Furan Emissions(Washington, DC, 2011-05)This study was undertaken to identify and assess the technologies available worldwide for treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW), and to make a general assessment of the applicability of these technologies to various waste management 'settings' within the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) Region. Each technology was evaluated for a number of key attributes, including demonstrated commercial viability, economics, institutional factors, sustainability metrics, and environmental attributes, including emissions of dioxins and furans. The study focused on the waste treatment technologies that have been commercially demonstrated worldwide; however, selected alternative and emerging technologies were also considered. After profiling the available waste management technologies, an assessment was then made of the general applicability of these technologies to various characteristic settings found within the LAC region. Technology applicability assessment at specific locations within the LAC region will require detailed, site-specific evaluation. Such site specific evaluations of applicable technologies would be the subject of subsequent studies.Publication Upstream Reduction of Solid Waste Generation : Implications on Dioxin and Furan Emission(Washington, DC, 2011-05)Environmental Resources Management-PR, Inc presents this report entitled 'upstream reduction of solid waste generation and its implications on dioxin and furan emissions' as part of the project phase two study upstream reduction of solid waste generation and its implications on dioxin and furan emissions, approved by the World Bank on April 19, 2011. Burning of garbage is prevalent in Latin America at poorly managed disposal sites and when it is used as a means of disposal at the household level in rural areas and other areas not adequately covered by collection. Waste burning is one of the major sources of dioxins and furans in these Countries. Current strategies to reduce these emissions include the long term process of converting dumpsites to landfills and expanding collection to areas not covered by the collection service. In addition to these programs, reduction in waste generation volume potentially present a cost-effective means to reduce overall dioxin and furan emissions and there is some evidence that reducing certain types of wastes (plastics and chlorinated polymers) will reduce the levels of dioxin and furans emitted from a given quantity waste.Publication Developing a Program for Contaminated Site Management in Low and Middle Income Countries(World Bank Group, Washington, DC, 2014-05)Contaminated sites associated with economic growth and development and increased urbanization pose a growing public health and environmental problem. Emissions and discharges, particularly uncontrolled ones, onto land can pollute the soil and the groundwater beneath, and can also affect surface water quality and sediments in nearby rivers and streams. This document is intended to summarize the rationale and the major policy, regulatory, implementation, and organizational issues involved in creating a contaminated site program, especially for low and middle income countries. The document offers alternatives regarding the design and implementation of such a program. It provides an action agenda of short- and longer-term activities to be considered when establishing a contaminated site program. In addition to providing some optional approaches for the many policy and programmatic issues, the document provides numerous references from the experience of other country programs to draw upon in considering program options. The document is intended to help support World Bank staff or other international financial institutions and assistance agencies in their dialogues with governmental officials in low and middle income countries regarding specific options and steps on developing or implementing contaminated sites programs in their countries. It is also relevant for governmental agencies in these countries responsible for site contamination and pollution management, land use planning, and site development at local and national levels. The document is organized in the following chapters: chapter one gives introduction. Chapter two is setting policy and legislative framework which highlights the development of policy and legislative purpose, principles, strategy and design, and related legislation. Chapter three is regulatory issues which presents major topics that may be the subject of regulations by a ministry or agency. Chapter four is contaminated site program management which presents management, organizational, and operational issues, including issues of coordination and partnerships within branches of government and with other stakeholders. Chapter five is action agenda for contaminated site program which provides the development of an action agenda of short- and longer-term actions to be considered in forming a contaminated site program, including creation of a national management plan for contaminated sites.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Towards a Trash-Free Addis Ababa(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2021-12-16)Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, has experienced significant population growth and an increase in living standards for years, resulting in increased solid waste generation and solid waste management (SWM) challenges. Inadequate SWM in the city causes land, water, and air pollution as well as negative impacts on natural ecosystems, local economies, public health, social equality, and the global environment. Despite efforts made by the Addis Ababa government and some stakeholders, the city’s SWM systems urgently need to be upgraded and modernized. This report prioritizes and proposes a set of SWM interventions that Addis Ababa may include in its investment program over the next decade. The interventions are grouped in institutional strengthening, research and technical assistance, and physical investments. Additionally, the report designs three scenarios to implement the interventions for SWM in Addis Ababa: Business-as-usual, conservative, and aggressive. The changes in waste generation, treatment, and greenhouse gas emissions in 2020-2030 across the three scenarios were projected.Publication Inequality of Opportunity, Income Inequality and Economic Mobility : Some International Comparisons(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2013-01)Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality of opportunity in various countries, methodological differences have so far prevented meaningful international comparisons. This paper presents a comparison of ex-ante measures of inequality of economic opportunity (IEO) across 41 countries, and of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for 39 countries. It also examines international correlations between these indices and output per capita, income inequality, and intergenerational mobility. The analysis finds evidence of a "Kuznets curve" for inequality of opportunity, and finds that the IEO index is positively correlated with overall income inequality, and negatively with measures of intergenerational mobility, both in incomes and in years of schooling. The HOI is highly correlated with the Human Development Index, and its internal measure of inequality of opportunity yields very different country rankings from the IEO measure.Publication Extended Producer Responsibility(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-01-03)Rapid economic development and population growth in Bangladesh have fostered significant advancements and opportunities for its citizens. Alongside these positive changes, however, there has been a notable increase in per capita plastic consumption, leading to a pressing need for effective plastic waste management. Recognizing this challenge, the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) of Bangladesh took a proactive step in 2021 by endorsing the action plan for sustainable plastic waste management. This plan aims to establish a circular economy for plastics, ensuring that resources are used more efficiently and sustainably. Extended producer responsibility (EPR) shifts responsibility from municipalities to producers and fosters product design, management, and recycling, offering a multi-faceted array of economic, environmental, social, and technological benefits. It has been found that material streams of packaging, electronics, tires, vehicles, and batteries are popularly brought under EPR. This study on EPR assumes paramount significance for Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh recognizes the critical need for a well-designed waste management policy and is in the process of recalibrating its waste management policies to create a more robust and environmentally conscious framework. This report examines case studies from Brazil, India, the Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, South Africa, and Viet Nam to understand their successful strategies, material streams, legal frameworks, stakeholder roles, implementation models, and compliance mechanisms. By assimilating global best practices and success stories from various EPR implementations, Bangladesh can enhance its policy frameworks, adapting them to its unique social, economic, and technological context.Publication Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2016-10-02)Poverty and Shared Prosperity 2016 is the first of an annual flagship report that will inform a global audience comprising development practitioners, policy makers, researchers, advocates, and citizens in general with the latest and most accurate estimates on trends in global poverty and shared prosperity. This edition will also document trends in inequality and identify recent country experiences that have been successful in reducing inequalities, provide key lessons from those experiences, and synthesize the rigorous evidence on public policies that can shift inequality in a way that bolsters poverty reduction and shared prosperity in a sustainable manner. Specifically, the report will address the following questions: • What is the latest evidence on the levels and evolution of extreme poverty and shared prosperity? • Which countries and regions have been more successful in terms of progress toward the twin goals and which are lagging behind? • What does the global context of lower economic growth mean for achieving the twin goals? • How can inequality reduction contribute to achieving the twin goals? • What does the evidence show concerning global and between- and within-country inequality trends? • Which interventions and countries have used the most innovative approaches to achieving the twin goals through reductions in inequality? The report will make four main contributions. First, it will present the most recent numbers on poverty, shared prosperity, and inequality. Second, it will stress the importance of inequality reduction in ending poverty and boosting shared prosperity by 2030 in a context of weaker growth. Third, it will highlight the diversity of within-country inequality reduction experiences and will synthesize experiences of successful countries and policies, addressing the roots of inequality without compromising economic growth. In doing so, the report will shatter some myths and sharpen our knowledge of what works in reducing inequalities. Finally, it will also advocate for the need to expand and improve data collection—for example, data availability, comparability, and quality—and rigorous evidence on inequality impacts in order to deliver high-quality poverty and shared prosperity monitoring.Publication Barriers and Solutions for Sustainable Household Waste Management in Lagos, Nigeria(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2025-01-09)Waste management is a growing challenge in Nigeria, with major environmental, health, and economic implications for its population. Several factors hinder adequate household waste management practices in Lagos. The infrastructure for waste collection and disposal is lacking, with insufficient waste collection trucks and storage capacity, overflowing and limited dumping sites, and inadequate recycling plants or companies. While these structural gaps will have to be filled to promote sustainable waste management in Lagos, behavioral science can also play a vital role in uncovering how decisions that affect the environment are made. This note sheds light on psychological, cognitive, emotional, cultural, and social factors contributing to waste mismanagement by Lagosians and provides recommendations for overcoming them. Based on a survey and qualitative data collected from residents of Lagos, this document summarizes the challenges that individuals face at various stages of the waste management journey - from planning and shopping, till final disposal.