Publication:
Armenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Education

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dc.contributor.authorPerkins, Gillian
dc.contributor.authorYemtsov, Ruslan
dc.date.accessioned2013-06-13T13:55:55Z
dc.date.available2013-06-13T13:55:55Z
dc.date.issued2001-03
dc.description.abstractBefore the breakup of the Soviet Union, Armenia had a highly developed and expensive education system, matching the needs of the command economy. The country is now facing a challenge to sustain universal coverage and performance standards in primary-secondary education with a small fraction of the former budget, while reorienting the system to the needs of a democratic society and market economy. The purposes of this paper are to clarify the case for rationalization by quantifying the future cost implications and affordability of various educational policy options, and to identify further measures needed in Armenia to promote restructuring and to secure adequate financing of the education system over the medium term. The paper examines recent evolution of the structure of inputs and expenditure to general education in Armenia in comparison with international norms and practice, and outlines various approaches that have been proposed for restructuring the system in the context of the government's sectoral reform strategy. Conclusions are drawn concerning the depth of rationalization and the financing strategy that would be needed to sustain universal access and quality of the system over the medium term. Finally, some of the practical and institutional obstacles to actually implementing rationalization are identified, and measures are proposed to help overcome these constraints.en
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1089533/armenia-restructuring-sustain-universal-general-education
dc.identifier.doi10.1596/0-8213-4927-9
dc.identifier.isbn0-8213-4927-9
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/13891
dc.languageEnglish
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWorld Bank Technical Paper;No. 498
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rights.holderWorld Bank
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.subjectACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectADAPTABILITY
dc.subjectADDITIONAL FUNDS
dc.subjectAGE GROUP
dc.subjectAGED
dc.subjectAIR
dc.subjectANNUAL COSTS
dc.subjectBASIC EDUCATION
dc.subjectBASIC LITERACY
dc.subjectCALL
dc.subjectCLASS SIZE
dc.subjectCLASS SIZES
dc.subjectCLASSROOMS
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectCOMPOSITION
dc.subjectCONSTITUTIONAL COMMITMENT
dc.subjectCURRICULA
dc.subjectCURRICULUM
dc.subjectCURRICULUM
dc.subjectCURRICULUM REFORM
dc.subjectDECENTRALIZATION
dc.subjectDROP-OUT RATES
dc.subjectECOLOGY
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC TRANSITION
dc.subjectEDUCATION BUDGET
dc.subjectEDUCATION OUTCOMES
dc.subjectEDUCATION POLICY
dc.subjectEDUCATION PROJECTS
dc.subjectEDUCATION REFORM
dc.subjectEDUCATION SECTOR
dc.subjectEDUCATION SERVICES
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEM
dc.subjectEDUCATION SYSTEMS
dc.subjectEMIGRATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectENROLMENT RATES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectIMMIGRATION
dc.subjectINCOME LEVELS
dc.subjectINNOVATION
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLEADERSHIP
dc.subjectLEARNING
dc.subjectLEARNING ACHIEVEMENT
dc.subjectLEARNING OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLOCAL AUTHORITIES
dc.subjectLOCAL COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectMINISTRIES OF FINANCE
dc.subjectMOTIVATION
dc.subjectNATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectPAPERS
dc.subjectPARENTS
dc.subjectPARITY
dc.subjectPOLICY DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectPOVERTY REDUCTION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPRINTING
dc.subjectPUBLIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPUBLIC FUNDING
dc.subjectPUBLIC SCHOOLS
dc.subjectPUPILS
dc.subjectQUALIFIED TEACHERS
dc.subjectQUALITY EDUCATION
dc.subjectQUALITY OF EDUCATION
dc.subjectREDUNDANCY
dc.subjectREGIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectSAFETY
dc.subjectSCHOOL
dc.subjectSCHOOL BUILDINGS
dc.subjectSCHOOL LEAVERS
dc.subjectSCHOOLING
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSECONDARY LEVEL
dc.subjectSECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM
dc.subjectSMALL SCHOOLS
dc.subjectSOCIAL COHESION
dc.subjectSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSOCIAL POLICY
dc.subjectSTANDARDS
dc.subjectTEACHER
dc.subjectTEACHERS
dc.subjectTEACHERS SALARIES
dc.subjectTEACHING
dc.subjectTEACHING MATERIALS
dc.subjectTEACHING PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectTEACHING PERSONNEL
dc.subjectTEACHING STAFF
dc.subjectTEXTBOOKS
dc.subjectTEXTBOOKS
dc.subjectUNIVERSAL ACCESS
dc.subjectVOCATIONAL EDUCATION
dc.subjectSTUDENT TEACHER RATIO
dc.subjectEDUCATION FOR ALL
dc.titleArmenia : Restructuring to Sustain Universal General Educationen
dspace.entity.typePublication
okr.crosscuttingsolutionareaGender
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.doctypePublications & Research::Publication
okr.docurlhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1089533/armenia-restructuring-sustain-universal-general-education
okr.globalpracticeEducation
okr.guid137841468742560065
okr.identifier.doi10.1596/0-8213-4927-9
okr.identifier.externaldocumentum000094946_01042112193012
okr.identifier.internaldocumentum1089533
okr.identifier.reportWTP498
okr.language.supporteden
okr.pdfurlhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2001/05/08/000094946_01042112193012/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdfen
okr.region.administrativeEurope and Central Asia
okr.region.countryArmenia
okr.sectorEducation
okr.themePublic sector governance :: Other public sector governance
okr.topicEducation::Primary Education
okr.topicHealth Monitoring and Evaluation
okr.topicCurriculum and Instruction
okr.topicGender::Gender and Education
okr.topicTeaching and Learning
okr.unitPoverty Reduction/Econ Mngmt (ECSPE)
okr.volume1
relation.isAuthorOfPublication055eb81c-e125-5700-983c-41a841305e52
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery055eb81c-e125-5700-983c-41a841305e52
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