Publication: Myanmar Energy Sector Update: Energy Poverty Amid Plenty
Loading...
Date
2024-07-15
ISSN
Published
2024-07-15
Author(s)
Editor(s)
Abstract
Increasing the power supply-demand gap remains the major challenge to securing reliable electricity services in Myanmar. This report presents the recent dynamics in both on-grid and off-grid electricity generation to understand the complexities related to the performance of the power sector in Myanmar.
Link to Data Set
Citation
“World Bank. 2024. Myanmar Energy Sector Update: Energy Poverty Amid Plenty. © World Bank. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/41868 License: CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO.”
Associated URLs
Associated content
Other publications in this report series
Journal
Journal Volume
Journal Issue
Collections
Related items
Showing items related by metadata.
Publication Bulgaria - National Program for Energy Efficiency in Residential Buildings(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2018-08-21)Bulgaria faces the challenge of reducing its high energy and carbon intensity levels to comply with European Union (EU) reduction targets. It is the most energy-intensive economy in the EU, with 610 kilograms of oil equivalent (kgoe) per €1,000 of gross domestic product (GDP) – about 4.3 times higher than the EU as a whole. Its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity (0.36 kg of CO2 per unit of GDP PPP) is twice the EU average (0.18) due to a highly carbon-intensive energy mix: coal accounts for about 38 percent of total primary energy supply. To address these challenges, the government of Bulgaria has made energy efficiency (EE) a cornerstone of its energy policy. In line with the EU’s climate and energy package (“20/20/20 by 2020”),Bulgaria’s third National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) 2014-2020 set two specific targets for 2020: (a) increasing energy savings by 25 percent – i.e., 1.6 million metric tons of energy equivalent (Mtoe) in primary energy savings – and (b) reducing energy intensity by 41 percent compared to 2005 levels.In February 2015, Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works launched the National Program for Energy Efficiency of Multifamily Buildings to support the rehabilitation of MABs through the implementation of energy efficiency measures and structural renovations. The Program’s objectives were to (a) improve the energy efficiency of multifamily residential buildings and reduce energy expenditures, (b) extend the lifetime of buildings, and (c) contribute to a reduction in local and global air pollution. The initial budget of the Program in 2015 was BGN 1 billion (€500 million), and in 2017 it had expanded with an additional BGN 1 billion. The Program offered 100 percent grant support to registered HOAs in Bulgaria that were built prior to 1990. The Program was open to all older buildings – first only prefabricated panel buildings were included but the Program was expanded in 2016 to include brick and monolithic concrete built before 1999 – with instructions to municipalities to prioritize the most dilapidated ones. Under the framework developed by MRDPW, the Bulgarian Development Bank (BDB) acted as a paying agent and accepted applications from HOAs through the municipalities. The Program has achieved substantial results in demonstrating the benefits of housing renovations for energy efficiency and in improving the enabling environment for the implementation of energy efficiency investments in Bulgaria’s residential sector (e.g., conducting energy audits, preparing technical designs, building capacity in the construction sector, monitoring energy savings, issuing residential building certificates).With the completion of the initial phase of the Program, the government is now ready to develop a longer-term vision for the renovation of the full building stock and the design of the second phase which would seek to develop more sustainable and scalable financing mechanisms and build on the lessons learned from Phase 1.Section second includes a brief summary of the results from the first phase along with lessons learned. Section third outlines a longer-term strategic approach to supporting the renovation of the remaining residential building stock in Bulgaria and proposes a detailed program plan for the second phase. The outline was developed to help the government communicate its plans to renovate the full building stock over the next 20-30 years while managing expectations about future levels of government support. Sections fourth and fifth then analyze and recommend specific design options for the second phase of the Program which seek to introduce some level of HOA co-financing and address some of the implementation challenges and lessons noted in the first phase.Publication Energizing Rwanda’s Development(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-09-12)Rwanda is among the fastest growing economies in Africa. This growth aligns with the Rwandan government’s goal of transitioning the country from an agricultural-based economy to one driven more by industry and services. With the support of development partners, the government is shifting its focus toward leveraging electricity services to spur economic development and job creation. Energizing Rwanda’s Development: Opportunities and Strategies for Catalyzing Productive Use of Energy - a product of the World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), in collaboration with Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) - utilizes extensive primary and secondary data to assess the country’s potential in the productive use of energy (PUE). Utilizing a rigorous ranking process, the study selected four high-potential PUE technologies for analysis: (1) solar water pumps, (2) refrigerators, (3) electric motorcycles, and (4) electric pressure cookers. The findings demonstrate the presence of a nascent market and the key role affordability plays in the uptake of PUE technologies. Market strengthening will require support for suppliers’ access to finance, consumers’ access to affordable products, and awareness creation and capacity building, underpinned by enabling policies and cross-sector coordination. These actions will require dedicated funding, which can start a virtuous cycle of development.Publication Rwanda Energy Survey(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-09-06)This report presents the findings from a national energy survey conducted in Rwanda in June 2022, which followed up on an inaugural energy survey conducted in 2016. The survey captured the status of access to electricity and clean cooking among Rwandan households, including those of refugees, and also among public institutions. Survey results were analyzed using the multi-tier framework (MTF) for energy access, which measures energy access across six levels (Tier 0 to Tier 5) instead of evaluating it based on a binary definition, having access or not, and explores the multi-dimensional nature of energy access and the diverse technologies and sources that can provide it. Findings from this analysis based on full-spectrum data can inform energy policy designs in Rwanda, empower data-driven policy making, and aid in advancing toward Goal 7 of the 17 sustainable development goals of the United Nations: to ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all by 2030.Publication Africa Energy Poverty : G8 Energy Ministers Meeting 2009(Washington, DC, 2009-05-24)Worldwide, about 1.6 billion people lack access to electricity services. There are also large populations without access in the poorer countries of Asia and Latin America, as well as in the rural and peri-urban areas of middle income countries. However large-scale electrification programs that is currently underway in middle income countries and the poor countries of Asia will increase household electricity access more rapidly than in sub-Saharan Africa. Africa has the lowest electrification rate of all the regions at 26 percent of households, meaning that as many as 547 million people are without access to electricity. On current trends less than half of African countries will reach universal access to electricity even by 2050. Without access to electricity services, the poor are deprived of opportunities to improve their living standards and the delivery of health and education services is compromised when electricity is not available in clinics, in schools and in the households of students and teachers. The total financing needs for Africa to resolve the power supply crisis are of the order of approximately US$40 billion per annum or 6.4 percent of region's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In response to the power crisis, donors have increased their support to the power sector, though more is needed. From the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s, donor assistance for the African power sector averaged no more than US$500 million per year. The private sector will be key to energy access expansion. For example, private sector expertise will be needed to develop the large complex generation and transmission projects (especially cross-border projects) that are necessary and for which a project finance approach will be often the most appropriate. The current global credit crisis poses additional challenges to mobilizing financing for energy infrastructure and especially for projects with perceived higher risk or higher costs. Nevertheless, governments can still access finance in the private markets for sound investments.Publication Lessons from Output-Based Aid for Leveraging Finance for Clean Energy(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2012-09)This paper focused on the delivery mechanisms for bilateral, multi-lateral, host government subsidy, and consumer cross-subsidy funding to enhance private sector investment. However, the specific source of funds is not deemed to be especially relevant for the purposes of this working paper. Focus on some of the useful characteristics of Output-Based Aid (OBA) experience to date that may be relevant. Propose an option for how OBA experience could be used to deliver national and programmatic supports to projects in middle- and low-income countries in coordination with other multi-lateral development bank instruments such as concessional loans and credits. This working paper does not: specifically address strengths and weaknesses of the clean development mechanism and only briefly touches on issues with using carbon finance in the current market. Carry out an assessment of experience with feed-in tariffs or advanced market commitments, or indeed other results orientated schemes.
Users also downloaded
Showing related downloaded files
Publication Distributing Carbon Revenues from Shipping(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2023-06-14)International shipping accounts for nearly three percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. If no further action is taken, these emissions are set to grow significantly. Apart from reducing emissions, there is a strong call for shipping’s decarbonization to be equitable. In this light, the International Maritime Organization is considering a price on carbon. This could raise $40 to $60 billion annually in revenues between 2025 and 2050. The report discusses which countries could access carbon revenues, for what purposes, and on what terms. It argues that revenues should be used to decarbonize shipping, enhance maritime infrastructure, and support broader climate aims. This (mix of options to use carbon revenues) would speed up shipping’s transition to zero-carbon energy, help build the necessary infrastructure, lower maritime transport costs, and result in climate benefits beyond maritime transport. It would also ensure that all countries, including those with no shipping industry or ports, could access carbon revenues. By developing a smart and flexible framework, the report shows how carbon revenues could be distributed to maximize climate benefits and support an equitable transition.Publication Pathways to Prosperity for Adolescent Girls in Africa(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-10)Africa stands at a crossroads, with its future prosperity hinging on the policy and investment decisions it makes today. The continent has an opportunity to shape the trajectories of generations to come by investing in the success of a pivotal population: its adolescent girls. With over 145 million adolescent girls calling Africa home, the potential for transformative change is immense. Yet challenges persist: from high rates of child marriage to limited educational opportunities. Over half of African girls ages 15 to 19 are out of school or married or have children. How can African countries overcome these challenges to ensure that adolescent girls enter adulthood empowered to thrive? Pathways to Prosperity for Adolescent Girls in Africa offers a groundbreaking road map for change. This landmark report: Outlines concrete, actionable policy recommendations; Provides a comprehensive review of evidence-based interventions; Presents a data-driven categorization of African countries to guide investments in adolescent girls; and Introduces an innovative framework for understanding and measuring adolescent girls’ empowerment. Drawing on extensive research and consultations with adolescent girls, policy makers, and practitioners, this report reveals that investing in adolescent girls can yield a tenfold return in economic impact. It outlines six key areas for targeted action: building human capital, enhancing economic success, focusing on the most vulnerable girls, adopting a holistic approach, addressing data and evidence gaps, and mobilizing diverse stakeholders. Whether you are a policy maker, researcher, development practitioner, or advocate, this report will equip you with the knowledge and tools to drive meaningful change. Discover how empowering adolescent girls can transform individual lives and African economies. Join the movement to secure a brighter future for Africa’s adolescent girls and nations alike. The time for action is now.Publication Recipe for a Livable Planet(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-09-20)The global agrifood system has been largely overlooked in the fight against climate change. Yet, greenhouse gas emissions from the agrifood system are so big that they alone could cause the world to miss the goal of keeping global average temperatures from rising above 1.5 centigrade compared to preindustrial levels. Greenhouse gas emissions from agrifood must be cut to net zero by 2050 to achieve this goal. Recipe for a Livable Planet: Achieving Net Zero Emissions in the Agrifood System offers the first comprehensive global strategic framework to mitigate the agrifood system’s contributions to climate change, detailing affordable and readily available measures that can cut nearly a third of the world’s planet heating emissions while ensuring global food security. These actions, which are urgently needed, offer three additional benefits: improving food supply reliability, strengthening the global food system’s resilience to climate change, and safeguarding vulnerable populations. This practical guide outlines global actions and specific steps that countries at all income levels can take starting now, focusing on six key areas: investments, incentives, information, innovation, institutions, and inclusion. Calling for collaboration among governments, businesses, citizens, and international organizations, it maps a pathway to making agrifood a significant contributor to addressing climate change and healing the planet.Publication Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Fall 2024: Better Education for Stronger Growth(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2024-10-17)Economic growth in Europe and Central Asia (ECA) is likely to moderate from 3.5 percent in 2023 to 3.3 percent this year. This is significantly weaker than the 4.1 percent average growth in 2000-19. Growth this year is driven by expansionary fiscal policies and strong private consumption. External demand is less favorable because of weak economic expansion in major trading partners, like the European Union. Growth is likely to slow further in 2025, mostly because of the easing of expansion in the Russian Federation and Turkiye. This Europe and Central Asia Economic Update calls for a major overhaul of education systems across the region, particularly higher education, to unleash the talent needed to reinvigorate growth and boost convergence with high-income countries. Universities in the region suffer from poor management, outdated curricula, and inadequate funding and infrastructure. A mismatch between graduates' skills and the skills employers are seeking leads to wasted potential and contributes to the region's brain drain. Reversing the decline in the quality of education will require prioritizing improvements in teacher training, updated curricula, and investment in educational infrastructure. In higher education, reforms are needed to consolidate university systems, integrate them with research centers, and provide reskilling opportunities for adult workers.Publication Harnessing African Natural Gas : A New Opportunity for Africa's Energy Agenda?(World Bank, Washington, DC, 2014-10)Sub-Saharan Africa's persistent power shortages act as a severe constraint on its economic and human development. Over the last several years, a series of major offshore gas discoveries in Mozambique and Tanzania have rekindled interest in expanding the use of natural gas to address the continent's power shortages. Once thought of as a Nigeria-only story, gas-to power in Sub-Saharan Africa is now being considered in a continent-wide context, both as a supplement to Africa's abundant hydropower resources and as a replacement for more carbon intensive coal and liquid fuels. But the concentration of gas resources in just a few countries and the virtual absence of gas transportation infrastructure create economic challenges to the wider adoption of gas as a power generation fuel, particularly in smaller countries that cannot achieve economies of scale in gas production and transportation. As a result, the timeline between the discovery of gas and its commercialization is often measured in decades. This study examines the economic conditions facing policy makers, planners, and commercial actors with a stake in gas-to-power development in Sub-Saharan Africa. It looks at the upstream, midstream, and downstream segments of the gas value chain to identify where the economics align in favor of gas-to-power development and where they do not.